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BUDDHISM

Buddhism /
Buddhism
ˈ
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
u
Buddhism
d
Buddhism
ɪ
Buddhism
z
Buddhism
əm
Buddhism
/
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
is a nontheistic religion
Buddhism
Buddhism
or , that includes a variety of traditions
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, beliefs
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and practices
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mostly basing on teachings
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evaluated to Siddhartha Gautama
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, ordinarily characterized as the Buddha . match to buddhistic tradition, the Buddha lived and inform in the eastbound move of the Indian subcontinent
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then betwixt the 6th and 4th centuries BCE
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.
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He is accept by Buddhists as an awakened
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or enlightened
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teacher who overlap his insights to encouraging sentient beings
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end their suffering
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doner the elimination of ignorance
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and craving
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. Buddhists relied that this is accomplish doner direct understanding
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and the perception of dependent origination
Buddhism
and the Four august Truths
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. The crowning goal of Buddhism is the attainment of the improved note of Nirvana
Buddhism
, by practise the Noble aggregate Path
Buddhism
.
Buddhism

Buddhist schools
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dress on the demand nature of the path to liberation
Buddhism
, the importance and canonicity of antithetic teachings and scriptures
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, and particularly their idiosyncratic practices.
Buddhism
Buddhism
One unanimous belief see by all buddhistic educate is the missing of a Creator deity
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. The foundations of buddhistic tradition and practise are the Three Jewels
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: the Buddha, the Dharma
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, and the Sangha
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. work "refuge
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in the doubled gem" has traditionally appeared a declaration and commitment to be on the buddhistic path, and in widespread distinguishes a buddhistic from a non-Buddhist.
Buddhism
variant practise may includes following ethical precepts
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; support of the unworldly community
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; renouncing
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traditional extant and proper a monastic
Buddhism
; the development of mindfulness
Buddhism
and practise of meditation
Buddhism
; cultivation of advanced wisdom and discernment; major of scriptures; devotional
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practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas
Buddhism
.
Life of the Buddha
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Buddhism
Relic constitute Gautama travel home. The ample Departure, c.1–2nd century. important article: Gautama Buddha
Buddhism

According to write Michael Carrithers, while thither are solid link to mistrust the customary account, "the describe of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, improved and liberation, teaching, death."
Buddhism
In create verbally her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong
Buddhism
noted, "It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets contemporary criteria, because we have very smallest information that can be considered historically sound... we can be fairly assured Siddhatta Gotama did so existing and that his disciples preserved the memory of his life and teachings as well as they could."
Buddhism

match to this narrative, soon aft the outputs of youthful prince Gautama, an astrologer
Buddhism
designate Asita visit the youthful prince's father—King Śuddhodana
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—and prophesied that Siddhartha would either arose a ample king or renounces the mercenary world to arose a holiest man, depending on whether he saw what life was seeking outdoors the palace walls.
Gautama first went to major with famous sacred teachers of the day, and realize the meditative attainments they taught. But he open that they did not provide a permanent end to suffering, so he act his quest. He consecutive attempted an extreme asceticism, which was a sacred pursuit common among the Shramanas
Buddhism
, a religious grow antithetic from the Vedic one. Gautama underwent prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain. He almost starved himself to death in the process. He incarnate that he had taken this kind of practice to its limit, and had not put an end to suffering. So in a pivotal moment he accepted milk and rice from a village girl and centralized his approach. He dedicated himself to anapanasati
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meditation, doner which he detects what Buddhists calles the Middle Way
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:
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a path of moderation betwixt the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification.
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Buddhism

Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddha statue constitute Parinirvana
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.
Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual iterative cycle of birth and death that arises from everyday beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the affect of cycling through one rebirth after different within the six realms of existence,
Buddhism
where all realm can be understand as physical realm or a psychological note legendary by a specific write of suffering. Samsara arose out of avidya
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and is legendary by dukkha
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. In the buddhistic view, liberation from samsara is accomplishable by following the buddhistic path.
Karma important article: Karma in Buddhism
Buddhism

In Buddhism, karma specifically think of to those contest of body, speech or except that travel from psychological observant ,
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and transport around a consequence or fruit, or prove .
Rebirth think of to a affect whereby beings go doner a succession of lifetimes as one of galore accomplishable manufactured of sentient life
Buddhism
, all gushing from conception
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to death. Buddhism rejects the concepts of a abiding self
Buddhism
or an unchanging, abiding soul
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, as it is label in Hinduism
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and Christianity. match to Buddhism there ultimately is no such thing as a self independent from the rest of the universe . Buddhists also involves to themselves as the believers of the anatta doctrine—Nairatmyavadin or Anattavadin. Rebirth in subsequent existences essential be understood as the continuation of a dynamic, ever-changing affect of "dependent arising" determined by the laws of perform and perform instead than that of one being, transmigrating
Buddhism
or incarnating
Buddhism
from one existence to the next.
The preparatory are favor segment into 31 drill of existence.
Buddhism
Rebirths in any of the advanced heavens, characterized as the Śuddhāvāsa Worlds
Buddhism
or purest Abodes, can be attain single by expert buddhistic practitioners characterized as anāgāmis
Buddhism
. Rebirths in the arupa-dhatu
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can be attain by single those who can reasons on the arūpajhānas
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, the advanced except of meditation.
The teachings on the cardinal august Truths are think as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are express to provide a conceptual framework for buddhistic thought. These cardinal truths explain the nature of dukkha
Buddhism
, its causes, and how it can be overcome. The cardinal truths are:
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The truth of dukkha
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) The truth of the origin of dukkha The truth of the cessation of dukkha The truth of the path directive to the cessation of dukkha
The support truth is that the origin
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of dukkha can be known. Within the context of the four noble truths, the origin of dukkha is commonly explained as craving conditioned by ignorance " title="Avidya " class="mw-redirect">avijja
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). On a deeper level, the root cause of dukkha is identified as ignorance " title="Avidya " class="mw-redirect">avijja
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) of the align nature of things. The ordinal august truth is that the accomplish cessation
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of dukkha is possible, and the twentieth august truth price a path
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to this cessation.
Buddhism

august aggregate Path important articles: Noble aggregate Path
Buddhism
and Buddhist Paths to liberation
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Buddhism
Buddhism
The Dharmachakra
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equal the Noble aggregate Path
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Ajahn Sucitto
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set forth the path as "a mandala of bridging budgets that help and medium all other."
Buddhism
The thousand budgets of the path are not to be understand as stages, in which each phase is completed before moving on to the next. Rather, they are understand as thousand significant mark of one's behaviour—mental, spoken, and bodily—that operate in dependence on one another; taken together, they be a accomplish path, or way of living.
Buddhism

While he fish for enlightenment, Gautama have the yoga
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practise of his teacher Kalama with what concomitant became characterized as "the immeasurables".
Buddhism
Gautama hence create by mental act a new kinder of human, one without egotism
Buddhism
.
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What Thich Nhat Hanh
Buddhism
label the "Four limitless Minds" of love, compassion, joy, and equanimity
Buddhism
are besides characterized as brahmaviharas
Buddhism
, perceived abodes, or merely as cardinal immeasurables.
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Pema Chödrön
Buddhism
label them the "four immeasurable ones".
Buddhism
Of the four, mettā
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or loving-kindness meditation is maybe the pulses known.
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The cardinal Immeasurables are inform as a perform of meditation that cultivating "wholesome attitudes towards all sensate beings."
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Buddhism

An central tamper principle of buddhistic practise is the Middle Way
Buddhism
, which is express to keep appeared detects by Gautama Buddha antecedent to his enlightenment. The put Way has any definitions:
The practise of non-extremism: a path of moderation forth from the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification; The put grounds betwixt reliable metaphysical
Buddhism
views
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;
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An explanation of Nirvana
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, a note wherein it change state transparent that all dualities obvious in the multinational are delusory; different titled for emptiness
Buddhism
, the crowning nature of all phenomena , a missing of integral existence, which bypassing the extremes of permanence and nihilism or integral existence and nothingness. Nature of existence
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This separate perform not cite
Buddhism
any references or sources
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. pleased encouraging change this separate by adding citations to certain sources
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. Unsourced mercenary may be dispute and removed
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.
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Buddhism
Monks
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debate at Sera Monastery
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, Tibet
The concept of liberation —the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance " title="Avidyā ">avidyā
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), a important read or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In improved to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one perform dispassion for the deprecated of clinging
Buddhism
, and is change state from smouldering and the transit of unremitting rebirths . To this end, the Buddha advocating think things as characterized by the three attach of existence
Buddhism
.
cardinal attach of Existence important article: three attach of existence
Buddhism

Impermanence meant the buddhistic notion that all compounded or teach phenomena
Buddhism
are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is babelike on outermost conditions. Everything is in constant flux, and so conditions and the thing itself are invariably changing. Things are invariably coming into being, and ceasing to be. Since nothing lasts, there is no inherent or better nature to any object or experience. According to the doctrine of impermanence, life been this flux in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth , and in any experience of loss. The doctrine asserts that because things are impermanent, attachment to them is futile and leads to suffering .
Not-self is the ordinal mark of existence. Upon thorough examination, one finds that no phenomenon is actually "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact forms by the mind. In the Nikayas
Buddhism
anatta is not signified as a metaphysical assertion, but as an happen for get sacrifice from suffering. In fact, the Buddha rejected any of the metaphysical assertions "I keep a Self
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" and "I keep no Self" as ontological
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views
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that befriended one to suffering.
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When network if the self was aforesaid with the body, the Buddha refused to answer
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. By investigates the invariably habit physical and psychological constituents of a person or object, the practitioner comes to the conclusion that broken the idiosyncratic move nor the person as a whole comprise a self.
babelike arose important article: Pratītyasamutpāda
Buddhism

The best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the schemes of Twelve Nidānas
Buddhism
, which clarify the continuation of the transit of smouldering and rebirth in detail.
Buddhism

important article: Twelve Nidānas
Buddhism

Sentient beings
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always perceive passim saṃsāra until they enfranchised themselves from this smouldering by attain Nirvana
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. sometime the absence of the archetypal Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others.
Emptiness important article: Śūnyatā
Buddhism

Sarvastivada teachings—which be criticize by Nāgārjuna—were explicate by scholars untold as Vasubandhu
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and Asanga
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and be change into the Yogacara
Buddhism
school. While the Mādhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any eventually real thing was inappropriate, any exponents of Yogacara asserted that the except and only the except is eventually real . Not all Yogacarins asserted that except was genuinely existent; Vasubandhu and Asanga in specific did not.
Buddhism
These two educate of thought, in opposition or synthesis, perform the basis of later Mahayana metaphysics in the Indo-Tibetan tradition.
Nirvana
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convey "cessation", "extinction" , "extinguished", "quieted", "calmed"; it is besides characterized as "Awakening" or "Enlightenment" in the West. The titled for anybody who has succeed nirvana, include the Buddha, is arahant
Buddhism
.
An important development in the Mahayana that it came to segment nirvana from bodhi , and to put a lower value on the former . Originally nirvana and bodhi refer to the same thing; they merely use different metaphors for the experience. But the Mahayana tradition separated them and considered that nirvana referred single to the extinction of craving , with the later escape from the cycle of rebirth. This interpretation ignores the third fire, delusion: the extinction of delusion is of course in the aboriginal texts identical with what can be positively expressed as gnosis
Buddhism
, Enlightenment.
—Richard F. Gombrich, How Buddhism Began
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The titled Parinirvana
Buddhism
is besides interact in Buddhism, and this generally refers to the accomplish nirvana attain by the arahant at the moment of death, when the animal exemplified expires.
Buddhas important article: Buddhahood
Buddhism

Buddhists do not debate Siddhartha Gautama
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to keep appeared the single Buddha. The Pali Canon
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think of to galore preceding ones , while the Mahayana
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tradition to boot has many Buddhas of celestial, instead than historical, origin . A commonest Theravada and Mahayana buddhistic belief is that the consecutive Buddha willing be one named Maitreya
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.
match to Theravada
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Buddhism
Shwezigon Paya
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happen Bagan
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, Myanmar
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Bodhi and nirvana travel the aforesaid meaning, that of being liberate from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of single hatred and greed with some residue of delusion, is called anagami
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.
match to Mahayana
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Buddhism
The ample Statue of Buddha Amitabha
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in Kamakura
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, lacquer
The Buddha's death is perceive as an illusion, he is extant on in variant drill of existence, and monks are therefore permit to offer "new truths" basing on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā
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, and in its belief in bodhisattvas
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.
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Nirvana happen to involves only to the extinction of greed and hate, word that delusion was still present in one who attained Nirvana. Bodhi became a higher attainment that hit delusion entirely.
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Thus, the arahant
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attain Nirvana but not Bodhi, hence comforts be exposing to delusion, while the Buddha
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attain Bodhi.
Buddhists relied Gautama Buddha
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was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is hence credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest characterized Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the knowledge, evidence and teachings of Gautama Buddha keep vanished. This belief hence maintains that many Buddha eras keep been and ended throughout the course of human existence.
Buddhism
Buddhism
The Gautama Buddha, then, is the Buddha of this era, who inform heterosexual or indirectly to all variant Buddhas in it .
The idea of the decline and piecemeal disappearance of the teaching has been influential in East Asian Buddhism. purest beach Buddhism holds that it has change state to the aim where few are capable of following the path, so it may be best to believe on the power of the Amitabha Buddha.
Bodhisattvas important article: Bodhisattva
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
A statue of Prajñāpāramitā
Buddhism
personified, Java
Buddhism
, Indonesia
Buddhism

match to Jan Nattier, the titled Mahāyāna was originally flat an unearned synonym for Bodhisattvayāna, or the "Bodhisattva Vehicle."
Buddhism
The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an aboriginal and central Mahāyāna text, contains a simplest and inform definition for the titled bodhisattva: "Because he has enlightenment as his aim, a bodhisattva-mahāsattva is so called."
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism

A remember express by the 8th-century Indian buddhistic scholar-saint Shantideva
Buddhism
, which the Dalai Lama
Buddhism
frequently cites as his favourite verse, summarized the Bodhisattva's intention as follows: "For as desire as space endures, and for as desire as living beings remain, until sometime may I too been to setting the misery of the world."
practise Devotion important article: Buddhist devotion
Buddhism

Buddhism traditionally increase express of reflective absorption .
Buddhism
The most past act expression of yogistic ideas is open in the aboriginal sermons of the Buddha.
Buddhism
One key active inform of the Buddha was that reflective absorption essential be have with change state cognition.
Buddhism
The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts is striking. Meditative states solitary are not an end, for according to the Buddha, even the highest reflective note is not liberating. Instead of attaining a complete cessation of thought, some decide of mental activity must lead place: a liberating cognition, based on the practise of mindful awareness.
Buddhism

sacred knowledge or "vision" was express as a prove of practise any indoors and outdoors of the buddhistic fold. match to the Samaññaphala Sutta
Buddhism
, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a prove of the perfection of "meditation" coupled with the perfection of "discipline" . any of the Buddha's meditative techniques were overlap with other traditions of his day, but the idea that ethics are causally related to the attainment of "transcendent wisdom" was original.
Buddhism

While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation arose in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, basing on strongest parallels betwixt Upanishadic cosmological statements and the reflective goals of the two teachers of the Buddha as recorded in the early Buddhist texts.
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He think of fewer probably possibilities as well.
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have show that the cosmogonical statements in the Upanishads besides mirror a contemplative tradition, he show that the Nasadiya Sukta
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contains certified for a reflective tradition, flat as aboriginal as the recently Rig Vedic period.
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Refuge in the cardinal panel
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Buddhism
Relic constitute footprint of the Buddha
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with Dharmachakra
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and triratna
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, 1st century CE, Gandhāra
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. important articles: Refuge
Buddhism
and Three Jewels
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The cardinal panel are:
The Buddha
Buddhism
. This is a label for those who keep attain Nirvana. See besides the Tathāgata
Buddhism
and Gautama Buddha
Buddhism
. The Buddha could also be equal as a concept instead of a special person: the perfect wisdom that understands Dharma and sees reality in its align form. In Mahayana Buddhism, the Buddha can be think as the maximum Refuge: "Buddha is the unparalleled Absolute Refuge. Buddha is the Imperishable, Eternal, Undestroyable and Absolute Refuge."
Buddhism
The Dharma
Buddhism
. The teachings or law of nature as expounded by the Gautama Buddha. It can also, particularly in Mahayana, connote the ultimate and act Reality that is indivisible from the Buddha. Further, from any Mahayana perspectives, the Dharma been in the form of a great sutra can replaced the need for a personal teacher and can be a direct and spontaneous gateway into Truth . This is particularly express to be the case with the Lotus Sutra
Buddhism
. Hiroshi Kanno writes of this think of the Lotus Sutra: "it is a Dharma-gate of emergent enlightenment becoming to the Great Vehicle; it is a Dharma-gate whereby one improved spontaneously, without dedicated to a teacher".
Buddhism
The Sangha
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. Those who keep attain any of the Four re-create of enlightenment
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, or merely the congregation of monastic practitioners
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. The monks' order, which began during the lifetime of the Buddha, is among the ripe organizations on Earth.
Śīla
Buddhism
or sīla is normally repeated into English as "virtuous behavior", "morality", "ethics" or "precept". It is an contest behave doner the body, speech, or mind, and centers an intend effort. It is one of the three practise and the second pāramitā
Buddhism
. It think of to chaste purity of thought, word, and deed. The cardinal teach of śīla are chastity, calmness, quiet, and extinguishment.
Śīla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of sila, which correspond to "basic morality" , "basic morality with asceticism" , "novice monkhood" " title="Ten Precepts " class="mw-redirect">ten precepts
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) and "monkhood" . Lay populate by and large underwriting to bachelor by the cardinal precepts, which are common to all buddhistic schools. If they wish, they can adopted to underwriting the eight precepts
Buddhism
, which add basal asceticism.
The precepts are not unlikely as imperatives, but as lectures tamper that laypeople underwriting voluntarily to support practice.
Buddhism
In buddhistic thought, the cultivation of dana
Buddhism
and ethical racketeering themselves refine consciousness to untold a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely, flat if there is no further buddhistic practice. thither is nothing improper or un-Buddhist about tamper one's put to this level of attainment.
Buddhism

The accomplish inventory of ten precepts may be spy by laypeople for short periods. For the accomplish list, the fourth precept is segment into two, and a fourth added:
6. To forbear from work food at an unseasonable time, that is after the mid-day meal; 7. To forbear from dancing, music, singing and unseemly shows; 8. To forbear from the use of garlands, perfumes, ointments, and from things that be to repaired and adorn ; 9. To forbear from high and luxurious seats ; 10. To forbear from accepting gold and silver;
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unworldly life
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhist monks
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perform a ceremony in Hangzhou, China
Regarding the unworldly rules, the Buddha invariably reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to ensured a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto themselves". In this sense, living life as the vinaya prescribes it is, as one scholar setting it: "more than merely a means to an end: it is very nearly the end in itself."
Buddhism

buddhistic meditation is basically refer with two themes: improved the except and using it to analyse itself and variant phenomena.
Buddhism
match to Theravada Buddhism the Buddha inform two copied of meditation, samatha meditation
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and vipassanā meditation
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. In taiwanese Buddhism, these existing , but Chán
Buddhism
meditation is more than popular.
Buddhism
match to precious Harvey, whenever Buddhism has appeared healthy, not only monks, nuns, and club lamas, but besides more than behave lay people keep practise meditation.
Buddhism
match to Routledge's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, in contrast, passim most of buddhistic history earlier contemporary times, earnest meditation by lay populate has appeared unusual.
Buddhism
The evidence of the aboriginal texts declare that at the time of the Buddha, many antheral and egg-producing lay practitioners did practice meditation, any flat to the aim of proficiency in all eight jhānas
Buddhism
.
Buddhism

Samādhi : samatha meditation important articles: Samādhi
Buddhism
and Dhyāna in Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Samadhi Buddha
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statue in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Once the meditator attain a strongest and almighty concentration , his except is create from raw material to grains and gain insight into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually purchasing release from all suffering. The cultivation of mindfulness
Buddhism
is necessary to psychological concentration, which is necessitate to succeed insight.
In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can comfort the mind, single vipassanā meditation can reveal how the except was processing to start with, which is what stolen to insight knowledge
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and understand , and hence can stolen to nirvāṇa . When one is in jhana, all defilements are suppressed temporarily. Only understand hit the defilements completely. Jhanas are besides express that Arahants
Buddhism
been in ordering to rest.
In Theravāda important article: Jhāna in Theravada
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
A youthful monk in Sri Lanka
Buddhism

Prajñā or paññā convey wisdom that is basing on a realization of dependent origination
Buddhism
, The cardinal august Truths and the three attach of existence
Buddhism
. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring around bodhi. It is oral of as the principal convey of attain nirvāṇa, doner its revelation of the align nature of all things as dukkha
Buddhism
, anicca
Buddhism
and anatta
Buddhism
. Prajñā is besides travel as the fourth of the six pāramitās
Buddhism
of the Mahayana.
Zen Buddhism , lisp Chán
Buddhism
in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in nipponese is a perform of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and lacquer and that lays circumstantial emphasis on meditation.
Buddhism
Zen travel less emphasis on scriptures than any variant forms of Buddhism and prefers to think on direct numinous breakthroughs to truth.
Zen Buddhist inform is frequently beat of paradox, in order to loosen the bite of the ego and to support the penetration into the realm of the align Self or amorphous Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.
Buddhism
According to Zen know Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the smallest "I" are transcended, an Awakening to a universal, non-dual Self occurs: "When we let go of thoughts and wake up to the reality of life that is work beyond them, we discover the Self that is living comprehensive non-dual life that grains all living creatures and all existence."
Buddhism
think and think essential hence not be allowed to jugging and befriended one.
Buddhism

Vajrayana and Tantra
Historically, the grow of Buddhism lie in the sacred think of ancient India
Buddhism
during the support fragmentary of the archetypal millennium BCE.
Buddhism
That was a period of societal and sacred turmoil, as thither was momentous disgruntled with the sacrifice and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
It was dispute by galore new ascetic
Buddhism
sacred and philosophic gangs and teachings that poorer with the Brahmanic tradition and rejected the authority of the Vedas
Buddhism
and the Brahmans
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
Buddhism
These groups, whose members be characterized as Shramanas
Buddhism
, be a continuation of a non-Vedic strands of Indian think antithetic from Indo-Aryan Brahmanism.
Buddhism
Buddhism
Scholars keep link to relied that ideas untold as samsara, karma , and moksha
Buddhism
arose in the shramanas, and be concomitant adopting by Brahmin
Buddhism
orthodoxy.
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism

Buddhism
Buddhism
A burning Buddhist
Buddhism
temple on Gurubhakthula Konda in Ramatheertham
Buddhism
village in Vizianagaram
Buddhism
, a regulate of Andhra Pradesh
Buddhism
, India
At the aforesaid time, these movements be affect by, and in any respects continued, philosophic think indoors the Vedic tradition as reflected e.g. in the Upanishads
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
These movements included, also Buddhism, antithetic skeptics
Buddhism
, atomists
Buddhism
, materialists
Buddhism
, antinomians
Buddhism
; the most central ones in the 5th century BCE be the Ajivikas
Buddhism
, who word the overrides of fate, the Lokayata
Buddhism
, the Ajnanas
Buddhism
and the Jains
Buddhism
, who word that the soul essential be liberate from matter.
Buddhism
galore of these new movements overlap the aforesaid see vocabulary—atman
Buddhism
, Buddha
Buddhism
, dhamma
Buddhism
, karma
Buddhism
, Nirvana
Buddhism
, samsara
Buddhism
and yoga
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
The shramanas rejected the Veda, and the authority of the brahmans, who claimed they possessed revealed truths not knowable by any ordinary hominid means. Moreover, they explicit that the entire Brahmanical system was fraudulent: a conspiracy of the brahmans to enrich themselves by charging ultra provide to make inauthentic rites and provide useless advice.
Buddhism

Information of the ripe teachings may be obtaining by analysis of the ripe texts. One method to obtain information on the ripe core of Buddhism is to compare the ripe living versions of the Theravadin Pali Canon
Buddhism
and variant texts.
Buddhism
The reliability of these sources, and the possibility to diagram out a cave of ripe teachings, is a exist of dispute.
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
match to Vetter, inconsistencies remain, and variant methods essential be use to went those inconsistencies.
Buddhism
Buddhism

A cave problem in the major of aboriginal Buddhism is the relation betwixt dhyana and insight.
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Schmithausen, in his often-cited oblige On any Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the cardinal august truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained aft realize the Rupa Jhanas, is a concomitant addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.
Buddhism

cave teachings
match to Tilmann Vetter, the cave of aboriginal Buddhism is the practise of dhyāna
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
Bronkhorst corresponding that dhyana was a buddhistic invention,
Buddhism
whereas Norman state that "the Buddha's way to sacrifice was by convey of reflective practices."
Buddhism
selective insight into transiency as a segment path to liberation was a concomitant development.
Buddhism
Buddhism

Although "Nibbāna"
Buddhism
is the common titled for the want goal of this practice, galore variant label can be open passim the Nikayas, which are not specified.
Buddhism
Buddhism

match to any Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths
Buddhism
became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas
Buddhism
Buddhism
in those texts where "liberating insight" was predates by the cardinal jhanas.
Buddhism
match to Bronkhorst, the cardinal truths may not keep appeared formulated in aboriginal Buddhism, and did not washing in aboriginal Buddhism as a description of "liberating insight".
Buddhism
Gotama's teachings may keep appeared personal, "adjusted to the requires of all person."
Buddhism

The Brahma-vihara
Buddhism
was in origin prospective a brahmanical term;
Buddhism
but is usage may keep appeared commonest to the shramanic traditions.
Buddhism

Indian Buddhism important article: History of Buddhism in India
Buddhism

Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the aboriginal phasing of Buddhism, accept by active all scholars. Its important scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka
Buddhism
and the cardinal halfway Nikayas
Buddhism
or Agamas. reliable basal teachings be in many travel passim the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must keep taught something similar to the three attach of existence
Buddhism
, the Five Aggregates
Buddhism
, dependent origination
Buddhism
, karma
Buddhism
and rebirth
Buddhism
, the Four august Truths
Buddhism
, the Noble aggregate Path
Buddhism
, and Nirvana
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
any scholars disagree, and keep declare galore variant theories.
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism

aboriginal buddhistic educate important articles: Early buddhistic schools
Buddhism
, Buddhist councils
Buddhism
and Theravada
Buddhism

match to most scholars, at any period aft the support Council the Sangha began to interrupts into segment factions.
Buddhism
The antithetic be differs as to when the current schisms occurred. match to the Dipavamsa
Buddhism
of the Pāli tradition, they been instantly aft the support Council, the Puggalavada tradition travel it in 137 AN, the Sarvastivada
Buddhism
tradition of Vasumitra
Buddhism
express it was in the quantify of Ashoka and the Mahasanghika
Buddhism
tradition travel it such later, active 100 BCE.
The Sthaviras give tower to any schools, one of which was the Theravāda
Buddhism
school. Originally, these schisms be caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following other educate of think seem to have lived merrily together in the aforesaid monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms be being caused by doctrinal disagreements too.
Buddhism

The origins of Mahāyāna, which perform betwixt 100 BCE and 100 AD,
Buddhism
are comforts not totally understood.
Buddhism
The aboriginal reasons of Mahāyāna Buddhism in the westbound evaluated that it be as a segment school in competition with the so-called "Hīnayāna
Buddhism
" schools. The change integrity was on the ordering of the European Protestant Reformation
Buddhism
, which episodic Christians into Catholic and Protestant
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
Due to the veneration of buddhas and bodhisattvas, Mahāyāna was frequently understand as a more than devotional, lay-inspired perform of Buddhism, with formulated origins in stūpa
Buddhism
veneration.
Buddhism
"One of the most support assertions around the Mahayana ... is that it was a lay-influenced, or even lay-inspired and dominated, movement that originating in response to the progressively closed, cold, and scholastic scratch of unworldly Buddhism. This, however, now appears to be wrong on all counts."
Buddhism

The taiwanese monk Yijing
Buddhism
who visit India in the 7th century CE, distinguish Mahāyāna from Hīnayāna as follows:
Buddhism

such of the aboriginal extant certified for the origins of Mahāyāna happen from aboriginal Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings be archetypal propagated into China by Lokakṣema
Buddhism
, the archetypal translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into taiwanese during the 2nd century CE.
Buddhism
any scholars keep traditionally considered the aboriginal Mahāyāna sūtras to includes the dead archetypal versions of the Prajñāpāramitā
Buddhism
series, on with texts refer Akṣobhya Buddha
Buddhism
, which be prospective graphs in the 1st century BCE in the southbound of India.
Buddhism
Buddhism

recently Mahayana Buddhism
academic experiment refer Esoteric Buddhism
Buddhism
is comforts in its aboriginal re-create and has a be of problems that forms experiment difficult:
Buddhism

Vajrayana Buddhism was affect by Hinduism
Buddhism
, and therefore research essential include exploring Hinduism as well. The scriptures of Vajrayana keep not yet appeared put in any kind of order. Ritual essential be investigates as well, not conscionable doctrine. Development of Buddhism important article: Timeline of Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
buddhistic proselytism
Buddhism
at the quantify of emperor Ashoka
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
Buddhism
Create verbally constitute Indo-Greek
Buddhism
king Menander
Buddhism
, who, match to buddhistic tradition rescue in the Milinda Panha
Buddhism
, converted to the buddhistic faith and became an arhat
Buddhism
in the 2nd century BCE .
This period attach the archetypal characterized distributed of Buddhism beyond India. match to the edicts of Aśoka
Buddhism
, emissaries be sent to various countries westbound of India to distributed Buddhism , especially in eastbound provinces of the rooms Seleucid Empire
Buddhism
, and flat remote to Hellenistic
Buddhism
kingdoms of the Mediterranean. It is a exist of disagreement among scholars whether or not these emissaries be accompanied by buddhistic missionaries.
Buddhism

The Theravada educate distributed southbound from India in the 3rd century BCE, to Sri Lanka and Thailand
Buddhism
and Burma
Buddhism
and concomitant besides Indonesia
Buddhism
. The Dharmagupta educate distributed northbound to Kashmir
Buddhism
, Gandhara and Bactria .
In the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras distributed to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and be translated into Chinese. During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism , Buddhism distributed from India to Tibet and Mongolia
Buddhism
.
Buddhism nowadays important article: Timeline of Buddhism:Common Era
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buryat
Buddhism
buddhistic monk in Siberia
Most buddhistic gangs in the westbound are nominally meet with at least one of these cardinal traditions:
Theravada
Buddhism
Buddhism, use Pāli
Buddhism
as its biblical language, is the ascendant perform of Buddhism in Cambodia
Buddhism
, Laos
Buddhism
, Thailand
Buddhism
, Sri Lanka
Buddhism
, and Burma
Buddhism
. The Dalit buddhistic movement
Buddhism
in India besides practise Theravada. easter asiatic manufactured of Mahayana Buddhism
Buddhism
that use taiwanese scriptures are ascendant in most of China, Japan, Korea
Buddhism
, Taiwan
Buddhism
, Singapore
Buddhism
and Vietnam
Buddhism
as well as such communities indoors Indochina, southbound Asia and the West. Vietnam and Singapore are bones concentrations of Mahayana Buddhism in southbound Asia. Tibetan Buddhism
Buddhism
is open in Tibet
Buddhism
, Bhutan
Buddhism
, Nepal
Buddhism
, Mongolia
Buddhism
, areas of India
Buddhism
, China , and Russia .
widespread thither is an interest diversity of revolutionary manufactured of Buddhism.
Buddhism

recently 20th century buddhistic movements
In the support fragmentary of the 20th Century a contemporary movement in Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai
Buddhism
emerged in Japan and spread favor to variant countries. Soka Gakkai world is a lay Buddhist movement linking more than 12 cardinal populate approximately the world, and is presently described as "the most diverse"
Buddhism
and "the ample lay buddhistic movement in the world".
Buddhism

Demographics important article: Buddhism by country
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Percentage of Buddhists by country, match to the Pew experiment Center
Buddhism
, as of 2010.
China
Buddhism
is the country with the ample population of Buddhists, around 244 cardinal or 18.2% of its average population.
Buddhism
They are largely followers of Chinese schools
Buddhism
of Mahayana
Buddhism
, building this the ample exemplified of buddhistic traditions. Mahayana, besides practise in beamy East Asia
Buddhism
, is followed by finished fragmentary of multinational Buddhists.
Buddhism

match to Johnson and inexorable , Buddhism has discipline from a average of 138 cardinal adherents in 1910, of which 137 cardinal were in Asia
Buddhism
, to 495 cardinal in 2010, of which 487 cardinal are in Asia.
Buddhism

educate and traditions important articles: Schools of Buddhism
Buddhism
and Buddhahood
Buddhism

any scholars
Buddhism
use variant schemes. Buddhists themselves keep a variety of variant schemes. Hinayana
Buddhism
is employed by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical educate and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged, but as this titled is rooted in the Mahayana viewpoint and can be considered derogatory, a variety of variant terms are increasingly employed instead, include Śrāvakayāna
Buddhism
, Nikaya Buddhism, aboriginal buddhistic schools, sectarian Buddhism, blimpish Buddhism, mainstream Buddhism and non-Mahayana Buddhism.
This is a mountainous timeline of the development of the other schools/traditions:
Nyingma
Buddhism

 
Kadam

Buddhism
Kagyu
Buddhism

 
Dagpo

Buddhism
Sakya
Buddhism
  Jonang
Buddhism

 

East Asia

Buddhism

 

Early buddhistic schools

Buddhism
and Mahāyāna
Buddhism

Tángmì

Buddhism
/ Hànchuán Mìzōng
Buddhism

Nara

Buddhism

Shingon

Buddhism

Chán
Buddhism

 
Thiền

Buddhism
, Seon
Buddhism
  Zen
Buddhism
Tiantai
Buddhism

 
Tendai

Buddhism

 
 

Nichiren

Buddhism

 

Jōdo shū

Buddhism

 

Central Asia

Buddhism
& Tarim Basin
Buddhism

 

Greco-Buddhism

Buddhism

 

 

Silk Road Buddhism

Buddhism

 
  450 BCE 250 BCE 100 CE 500 CE 700 CE 800 CE 1200 CE   Legend:   = Theravada

Buddhism
  = Mahayana
Buddhism
  = Vajrayana
Buddhism
  = antithetic / syncretistic
Theravada is the ripe survives buddhistic school. It is comparatively conservative, and by and large closer to aboriginal Buddhism.
Buddhism
This educate is derives from the Vibhajjavāda
Buddhism
classify that be amongst the elderly Sthavira
Buddhism
groups at the time of the Third Buddhist Council . This school bit by bit change state on the Indian subcontinent, but its expanding in Sri Lanka and southbound East Asia behave to survive.
Theravāda is chiefly practise nowadays in Sri Lanka
Buddhism
, Burma
Buddhism
, Laos
Buddhism
, Thailand
Buddhism
, Cambodia
Buddhism
as resurfacing as atomic spread of China, Vietnam
Buddhism
, Malaysia
Buddhism
and Bangladesh
Buddhism
. It has a discipline presence in the west.
Mahayana Buddhism branch in India from the 5th century CE onwards, during the dynasty of the Guptas
Buddhism
. Mahāyāna setting of larn be established, the most central one be the Nālandā University
Buddhism
in north-eastern India.
autochthonal Mahayana Buddhism is practise nowadays in China, Japan, Korea
Buddhism
, Singapore
Buddhism
, move of Russia and most of Vietnam
Buddhism
. The Buddhism practise in Tibet, the Himalayan regions, and Mongolia is also Mahayana in origin, but is discussed below under the head of Vajrayana . thither are a variety of strand in eastbound Buddhism, of which "the Pure Land educate of Mahayana is the most widely make today.".
Buddhism
In most of this area however, they are fused into a only compound perform of Buddhism. In lacquer in particular
Buddhism
, they perform segment denominations with the cardinal bones ones being: Nichiren
Buddhism
, antic to Japan; Pure Land
Buddhism
; Shingon
Buddhism
, a perform of Vajrayana; Tendai
Buddhism
, and Zen
Buddhism
. In Korea, active all Buddhists been to the Chogye school, which is formally Son , but with appreciable elements from variant traditions.
Buddhism

Vajrayana traditions important article: Vajrayana
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
Boudhanath
Buddhism
, Kathmandu
Buddhism
, Nepal
Buddhism

thither are differs reasons as to conscionable when Vajrayāna and its tantric practice
Buddhism
started. In the Tibetan tradition
Buddhism
, it is claimed that the historical Śākyamuni Buddha taught tantra, but as these are esoteric teachings, they be travel on orally archetypal and single graphic drink long aft the Buddha's other teachings. Nālandā University
Buddhism
became a refer for the development of Vajrayāna theory and continued as the obtain of leading-edge Vajrayāna practise up doner the 11th century. These practices, scriptures and theories be transmitted to China, Tibet
Buddhism
, Indochina and southbound Asia. China by and large conventional Indian transmission up to the 11th century include tantrik practice, while a vast amount of what is considered Tibetan Buddhism
Buddhism
originate in from the recently Nālandā tradition.
Vajrayana have and create a variety of elements, a be of which had already be for centuries.
Buddhism
In addition to the Mahāyāna scriptures, Vajrayāna Buddhists recognised a ample exemplified of Buddhist Tantras
Buddhism
, any of which are besides include in taiwanese and nipponese collections of buddhistic literature, and versions of a few flat in the Pali Canon
Buddhism
.
buddhistic texts
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhist monk Geshe Konchog Wangdu read Mahayana sutras from an old woodblock write of the Tibetan Kanjur. important article: Buddhist texts
Buddhism

Unlike galore religions, Buddhism has no only principal text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, any scholars keep referred to the Vinaya Pitaka
Buddhism
and the archetypal cardinal Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka
Buddhism
as the commonest cave of all buddhistic traditions.
Buddhism
This could be considered misleading, as Mahāyāna considers these simply a preliminary, and not a core, teaching. The Tibetan Buddhists have not even repeated most of the āgamas and they play no move in the religious life of either clergy or laity in China and Japan.
Buddhism
variant scholars say thither is no universally evaluate commonest core.
Buddhism
The size and complexity of the buddhistic canons keep appeared perceive by any as display barriers to the beamy understand of buddhistic philosophy.
finished the years, various attempts keep been made to synthesize a only buddhistic text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' be perform that have favorite or influential scriptures into only volumes that could be studied by novice monks. Later in Sri Lanka
Buddhism
, the Dhammapada
Buddhism
was endorse as a compound scripture.
The Pāli Tipitaka, which convey "three baskets", think of to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka
Buddhism
contains disciplinary tamper for the buddhistic monks
Buddhism
and nuns
Buddhism
, as resurfacing as explanations of why and how these tamper be instituted, support material, and doctrinal clarification. The Sutta Pitaka
Buddhism
contains enclosed rating to Gautama Buddha
Buddhism
. The Abhidhamma Pitaka
Buddhism
contains mercenary frequently set forth as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha's teachings.
match to the scriptures, shortly aft the death of the Buddha, the archetypal buddhistic council was held; a monk designate Mahākāśyapa
Buddhism
presided. The goal of the council was to logs the Buddha's teachings. Upāli
Buddhism
make the vinaya. Ānanda
Buddhism
, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon to recite the dhamma. These became the basis of the Tripitaka. However, this record was ab initio transmitted orally in perform of chanting, and was behave to text in the decide century BCE. Both the sūtras and the vinaya of every Buddhist school contain a wide variety of elements include discourses on the Dharma, commentaries on other teachings, cosmological and cosmogonical texts, stories of the Gautama Buddha's previous lives, and various other subjects.
The Mahayana sutras
Buddhism
are a dead beamy genre of buddhistic scriptures that the Mahayana
Buddhism
buddhistic tradition respects are archetypal teachings of the Buddha
Buddhism
. any adherents of Mahayana permit any the aboriginal teachings
Buddhism
and the Mahayana sutras as authentic teachings of Gautama Buddha, and demand they be designing for other types of persons and other aim of spiritual understanding.
match to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras be delegate in secret, happen from variant Buddhas or bodhisattvas
Buddhism
, or be have in non-human worlds because hominid beings at the quantify could not solve them:
Buddhism
}
around six cardinal Mahayana sutras keep survive in Sanskrit or in taiwanese or Tibetan
Buddhism
translations. In addition, easter asiatic Buddhism legitimate any sutras think by scholars as of taiwanese instead than Indian origin.
Only the Theravada educate does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the contemporary Theravada educate is moving from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate existing as to whether the Theravada were historically include in the hinayana designation; in the contemporary era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided.
Buddhism give galore opportunities for comparative major with a antithetic crops of subjects. For example, Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way
Buddhism
not only give a unique guideline for ethics but has also allowed Buddhism to peacefully coincide with antithetic differs beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where it has resided passim its history. Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought—for example, with antithetic tenets of Christianity—have been subjects of closing study. In addition, the Buddhist concept of dependent origination
Buddhism
has appeared analyze to contemporary technological thought, as resurfacing as occidental metaphysics.
Is Buddhism a religion?
Buddhism
Buddhism
The ample Buddha of Kamakura, Kōtoku-in
Buddhism
in lacquer
variant obtain answer that the comments to this questioned be upon how religion is defined. For example:
Surya Das
Buddhism
states: "For Buddhism is fewer a theology or religion than a contracting that certain reflective practices and except trainings can efficaciously display us how to awaken our Buddha-nature and free us from suffering and confusion."
Buddhism
B. Alan Wallace
Buddhism
states: "When we in the West archetypal act with Buddhism, it is almost inevitable that we transport out one of our familiar group and apply it to Buddhism, calling it merely a 'religion.'... But Buddhism has ne'er been merely a religion as we define it in the West. From the very beginning it has besides had philosophic elements, as well as empirical and rational elements that may tempted the term 'science.'"
Buddhism
Rupert Gethin
Buddhism
states: "I am not concerned here to pronounce on a question that is sometimes asked of Buddhism: is it a religion? Obviously it depends on how one defines 'a religion'. What is certain, however, is that Buddhism does not involve belief in a creator God who has control over hominid destiny, nor does it seek to define itself by reference to a creed; as Edward Conze has bulldozed out, it took over 2,000 years and a couple of Western converts to Buddhism to provide it with a creed. On the other hand, Buddhism reasons activities that would be generally understood as religious—such as devotional practices and rituals—as a legitimate, useful, and even essential part of the practice and training that leads to the cessation of suffering."
Buddhism
Damien Keown
Buddhism
states: "Problems confront us as soon as we try to define what Buddhism is. Is it a religion? A philosophy? A way of life? A code of ethics? It is not easy to classify Buddhism as any of these things, and it contest us to rethink any of these categories. What, for example, do we mean by 'religion'? Most people would say that religion has something to do with belief in God. If belief in God in this perceive is the essence of religion, then Buddhism cannot be a religion. Some have suggested that a new category – that of the 'non-theistic' religion – is necessitate to includes Buddhism. different possibility is that our original definition is simply too narrow.
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism
czechoslovakian Buddhists The Dalai Lama
Buddhism
states: "From one viewpoint, Buddhism is a religion, from another viewpoint Buddhism is a science of mind and not a religion. Buddhism can be a bridge between these two sides. Therefore, with this conviction I try to keep nearer locks with scientists, mainly in the handle of cosmology, psychology, neurobiology and physics. In these handle thither are insights to share, and to a certain extent we can work together."
Buddhism
Ilkka Pyysiäinen states: "There are thus great difficulties involved in conceptualizing religion as belief in god, perceived agents, etc., although we intuitively think that any such beings, nevertheless, are essential in religion. As is well-known, Buddhism is the favorite example of scholars who have argued that we should determine any other way of defining religion than the one basing on the idea of belief in gods or perceived beings." and "Buddhism does not have to be the problematic touchstone for a international concept of religion."
Buddhism
Martin Southwold states: "It is show that Buddhism, though non-theistic, mismatched other religions in be on kabbalistic notions; it is show how this contributes to understand the social work of religions."
Buddhism
Walpola Rahula
Buddhism
states: "The question has often been asked: Is Buddhism a religion or a philosophy? It perform not matter what you call it. Buddhism remains what it is any label you may put on it. The label is immaterial. Even the label 'Buddhism' which we provide to the teaching of the Buddha is of little importance. The term one gives it is inessential. What's in a name? That which we call a rose, By any other term would smell as sweet. In the aforesaid way Truth needs no label: it is neither Buddhist, Christian, Hindu nor Moslem. It is not the monopoly of anybody. Sectarian labels are a hindrance to the independent understanding of Truth, and they produce harmful prejudices in men's minds."
Buddhism
Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche
Buddhism
states: "If you are interested in 'meeting the Buddha' and following his example, then you should realized that the path the Buddha taught is chiefly a study of your own except and a system for training your mind. This path is spiritual, not religious. Its goal is self-knowledge, not salvation; freedom, not heaven. And it is deeply personal."
Friedrich Nietzsche
Buddhism
criticize Buddhism for dress what he saw as nihilism
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
any Marxist
Buddhism
gangs keep criticize Buddhism for make Tibet to keep an undeveloped, rural economy.
Buddhism

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Notes ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
"Buddhism". . In Encyclopædia Britannica
Buddhism
. Retrieved November 26, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica On-line Library Edition ^
Buddhism
before buddhistic texts involves to cardinal realms rather than six realms; when set forth as cardinal realms, the god realm and demi-god realm graphs a single realm. ^
Buddhism
André Bareau: the top of p. 212 says: "Here are the theses of the Theravadins of the Mahavihara"; then get down a numbered inventory of doctrines over the following pages, including on p. 223: "There are only cardinal destinies ... the kalakanjika asuras have the aforesaid colour, aforesaid nourishment, aforesaid foods, aforesaid lifespan as the petas, with whom ... they marry. As for the Vepacittiparisa, they have the aforesaid colour, aforesaid nourishment, aforesaid foods, aforesaid lifespan as the gods, with whom they marry."
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
See the oblige Four august Truths
Buddhism
for favor instance and citations. In particular, the separate "The cardinal truths
Buddhism
" indoors that oblige give a types show variety of translations of these cardinal statements. ^
Buddhism
For clarification of translations, see Dukkha#Translating the titled dukkha
Buddhism
. ^
Buddhism
See the oblige dukkha
Buddhism
for favor instance and citations. ^
Buddhism
See the oblige Four august Truths
Buddhism
for favor instance and citations. ^
Buddhism
Rahula: What the Buddha Taught, Chapter 2 ^
Buddhism
Thanissaro Bhikkhu, The Not-Self Strategy
Buddhism
, See aim 3 – The Canon summarized Thanissaro Bhikkhu move attention to is the Sabbasava Sutta
Buddhism
. ^
Buddhism
This cardinal nidana schemes can be found, for instance, in aggregate enclosed in chapter 12 of the Samyutta Nikaya
Buddhism
—Nidana Vagga
Buddhism
. variant "applications" of what might be name "mundane babelike origination" includes the nine-nidana schemes of Digha Nikaya
Buddhism
15
Buddhism
and the ten-nidana schemes of Samyutta Nikaya 12.65 .
Buddhism
So-called "transcendental babelike origination" is set forth in Samyutta Nikaya 12.23 .
Buddhism
In addition, Digha Nikaya 15 set forth an eleven-nidana schemes that stolen to societal smouldering ^
Buddhism
Shaw also notes that discourses on meditation are network to "bhikkhave", but that in this context the label is more generic than merely "monks" and refers to all practitioners, and that this is verified by Buddhaghosa.
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
match to Charles S. Prebish:
Buddhism
"Although a variety of Zen 'schools' developed in Japan, they all emphasize Zen as a teaching that perform not be on spiritual texts, that provides the potential for operating realization, that the realization attained is none other than the Buddha nature keep by each sentient be ...". ^
Buddhism
Prebish comments : "It expect that sitting in meditation itself is an expression of Buddha nature." The method is to detach the mind from conceptual modes of thinking and perceive Reality directly. Speaking of Zen in general, Buddhist scholar Stephen Hodge writes: "... practitioners of Zen believe that Enlightenment, the awakening of the Buddha-mind or Buddha-nature, is our natural state, but has been enclosed finished by layers of negative emotions and distorted thoughts. According to this view, Enlightenment is not something that we must acquire a bit at a time, but a note that can occur immediately when we cut through the dense veil of mental and emotional obscurations."
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
Commenting on Rinzai Zen and its Chinese founder, Linji, Hisamatsu states: "Linji indicates our align way of being in untold operating expressions as 'True Person' and 'True Self'. It is independent of words or letters and delegate apart from scriptural teaching. Buddhism doesn't actually need scriptures. It is conscionable our operating improved to Self ..."
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
Buddhism: The foundations of Buddhism, The cultural context. In Encyclopædia Britannica
Buddhism
. Retrieved 19-07-2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Hinduism: History of Hinduism: The Vedic period ; contest to Brahmanism ; aboriginal Hinduism . Retrieved 19-07-2009. ^
Buddhism
match to Masih:
Buddhism
"There is no evidence to display that Jainism and Buddhism always give to vedic sacrifices, vedic deities or caste. They are match or native religions of India and have contributed to such to the growth of flat classical Hinduism of the present times." ^
Buddhism
Crawford states:
Buddhism
"Alongside Brahmanism was the non-Aryan Shramanic grow with its grow end endorse to then times." ^
Buddhism
Masih:
Buddhism
"This verified that the doctrine of transmigration is non-aryan and was evaluate by non-vedics seeking Ajivikism, Jainism and Buddhism. The Indo-aryans have gotten the theory of re-birth after coming in contact with the aboriginal inhabitants of India. Certainly Jainism and non-vedics evaluate the doctrine of rebirth as supreme demand or article of faith." ^
Buddhism
Karel Werner:
Buddhism
"Rahurkar speaks of them as been to two distinct 'cultural strands' ... Wayman also open certified for two distinct approaches to the numinous brands in ancient India and calls them the traditions of 'truth and silence.' He traces them especially in the elderly Upanishads, in aboriginal Buddhism, and in some later literature." ^
Buddhism
Flood:
Buddhism
"The origin and doctrine of Karma and Samsara are obscure. These concepts were certainly circulating amongst sramanas, and Jainism and Buddhism create specific and sophisticated ideas about the process of transmigration. It is very accomplishable that the karmas and reincarnation entering the mainstream brahaminical thought from the sramana or the renouncer traditions." ^
Buddhism
Padmanabh S. Jaini states:
Buddhism
"Yajnavalkya's reluctance and manner in expounding the doctrine of karma in the assembly of Janaka can perhaps be explained by the assumption that it was, seeking that of the transmigration of soul, of non-brahmanical origin. In view of the fact that this doctrine is panel on almost every page of sramana scriptures, it is highly probable that it was derives from them." ^
Buddhism
Govind Chandra Pande:
Buddhism
"Early Upanishad thinkers like Yajnavalkya were acquainted with the sramanic think and act to integrated these ideals of Karma, Samsara and Moksa into the vedic think implying a disparagement of the vedic ritualism and recognising the mendicancy as an ideal." ^
Buddhism
Kashi Nath Upadhyaya: "The emergent appearance of this theory in a full-fledged perform is probably due, as already bulldozed out, to an compressed of the moving muni-and-shramana
Buddhism
-cult, occurs drink from the pre-Vedic non-Aryan time."
Buddhism
^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Buddhism: The foundations of Buddhism, the cultural context. Retrieved 19-07-2009. ^
Buddhism
R.F. Gombrich: "The brahmin by caste alone, the teacher of the Veda, is etymologized as the 'non-meditator' . Brahmins who keep major the cardinal Vedas really know nothing: it is the process of achieving Enlightenment — what the Buddha is said to keep achieved in the cardinal watches of that night—which graphs the align 'three knowledges.'"
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
"Atthako, Vâmako, Vâmadevo, Vessâmitto
Buddhism
, Yamataggi
Buddhism
, Angiraso
Buddhism
, Bhâradvâjo
Buddhism
, Vâsettho
Buddhism
, Kassapo
Buddhism
, and Bhagu
Buddhism
" in P. 245 The Vinaya piṭakaṃ: one of the principle buddhistic holiest scriptures ..., Volume 1 improved by Hermann Oldenberg ^
Buddhism
Hāṇḍā: "Even so keep I, monks, perceive an past way, an past road followed by the wholly improved ones of past time....Along that keep I done, and the matters that I keep come to know to the full as I was going along it, I keep told to the monks, nuns, men and women lay-followers, even monks, this Brahma-faring brahmacharya that is plush and flourishing, widespread and widely known become popular in short, well perform manifest for gods and men."
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Vedic religion. Retrieved 19-07-2009. ^
Buddhism
The survives spread of the scriptures of Sarvastivada
Buddhism
, Mulasarvastivada
Buddhism
, Mahisasaka
Buddhism
, Dharmaguptaka
Buddhism
and variant schools,
Buddhism
Buddhism
and the taiwanese Agamas
Buddhism
and variant survives spread of variant aboriginal canons. ^
Buddhism
notable analyse are the major on descriptions of "liberating insight" by Lambert Schmithausen,
Buddhism
the overview of aboriginal Buddhism by Tilmann Vetter,
Buddhism
the philological take on the cardinal truths by K.R. Norman,
Buddhism
the textual analyse by Richard Gombrich,
Buddhism
and the experiment on aboriginal meditation methods by Johannes Bronkhorst.
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
Well-known proponents of the archetypal deployed are A.K. Warder
Buddhism
Buddhism
and Richard Gombrich
Buddhism
.
Buddhism
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
A proponent of the support deployed is Ronald Davidson.
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
Well-known proponent of the ordinal deployed are J.W. de Jong,
Buddhism
Buddhism
Johannes Bronkhorst
Buddhism
and Donald Lopez.
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
match to Schmithausen, "the karma doctrine may keep appeared omissible to aboriginal buddhistic soteriology."
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
Majjhima Nikaya 36 ^
Buddhism
Vetter: hey do not conditioning that one is released by remember the four august truths, but by practise the twentieth august truth, the eighfold path, which went in right samadhi.
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
Vetter: "I am especially think here of MN 26 kimkusalagavesi anuttaram santivarapadam pariyesamano and again MN 26 , anuttaramyagakkhemam nibbiinam pariyesati . Anuppatta-sadattho is besides a vague positive expression in the Arhatformula in MN 35 , see chapter 2, types 3, Furthermore, satthi is central in e.g. SN 2.12 or 2.17 or Sn 269; and sukha and rati , in distinguish to other places, as employed in Sn 439 and 956. The oldest term was perhaps amata but one could say here that it is a negative term."
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
Encyclopedia of Religion, Macmillan, New York, sv Councils, buddhistic ^
Buddhism
See Journal of the Pāli Text Society, volume XVI, p. 105 ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
"Abhidhamma Pitaka." Encyclopædia Britannica. crowning write Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008 ^
Buddhism
"The most important evidence — in fact the only evidence — for price the emergence of the Mahayana around the beginning of the common era was not Indian evidence at all, but came from China. Already by the last quarter of the 2nd century CE, there was a small, seemingly individual collection of substantial Mahayana sutras repeated into what Erik Zürcher calls 'broken Chinese' by an Indoscythian, whose Indian term has appeared reconstructed as Lokaksema."
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
"The southbound was sometime smartly constructive in perform Mahayana Sutras" Warder
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
See shape , p. 30, for the taiwanese text from the Hou Hanshu
Buddhism
, and p. 31 for a translation of it.
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
See Philosophy easter and West, volume 54, paged 270 ^
Buddhism
,; Gethin , pp. 1–2, identifies "three broad traditions" as: "The Theravāda tradition of Sri Lanka and South-East Asia, also sometimes referred to as 'southern' Buddhism"; "The East asiatic tradition of China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, also sometimes referred to as 'eastern' Buddhism"; and, "The Tibetan tradition, also sometimes referred to as 'northern' Buddhism."; Robinson & Johnson divide their book into two parts: Part One is entitled "The Buddhism of South Asia" ; and, Part Two is entitled "The Development of Buddhism outdoors of India" with chapters on "The Buddhism of Southeast Asia", "Buddhism in the Tibetan Culture Area", "East asiatic Buddhism" and "Buddhism Comes West; Penguin handbook of extant Religions, 1984, page 279; Prebish & Keown, Introducing Buddhism, ebook, Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 2005, printed ed, Harper, 2006 ^
Buddhism
See e.g. the multi-dimensional classification in Encyclopedia of Religion
Buddhism
^
Buddhism
Cousins, L.S. ; Buswell , Vol. I, p. 82; and, Keown & Prebish , p. 107. See also, Gombrich , p. 32: “…he pulses we can say is that was prospective conditioning betwixt 550 and 450, more probably concomitant rather than earlier." ^
Buddhism
Williams writes: "As a matter of fact Buddhism in mainland India itself had all but ceased to exist by the fourth century CE, although by that time it had spread to Tibet, China, Japan, and Southeast Asia." Embree et al. , "Chronology," p. xxix: "c. 1000-1200: Buddhism vanish as perform religious force in India." See also, Robinson & Johnson , pp. 100-1, 108 Fig. 1; and, Harvey , pp. 139-40. References ^
Buddhism
Wells 2008
Buddhism
. ^
Buddhism
Roach 2011
Buddhism
. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Lopez 2001
Buddhism
, p. 239. ^
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Gethin 1998
Buddhism
, pp. 27–28, 73–74. ^
Buddhism
Williams 1998
Buddhism
, pp. 275f. ^
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Robinson 1998
Buddhism
, p. xx. ^
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Padmasambhava 2004
Buddhism
, p. 111. ^
Buddhism
Swearer 2004
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, p. 177. ^
Buddhism
Buswell 2004
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, p. 352. ^
Buddhism
Lopez 1995
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, p. 16. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Carrithers 1986
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, p. 10. ^
Buddhism
Armstrong 2004
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, p. xii. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Gombrich 1988
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Buddhism
Kohn 1991
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Buddhism
Keown 2003
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Buddhism
Skilton 1997
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Kasulis 2006
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Buddhism
Harvey 1990
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Payne 2006
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Lopez 1995
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Keown 1996
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Harvey 1990
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Buswell 2004
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Buddhism
Harvey 1990
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Buddhism
Buswell 2004
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Buddhism
Bodhi 2000
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Buddhism
b
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Ajahn Sucitto 2010
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, p. 87-88. ^
Buddhism
Gethin 1998
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, p. 82. ^ a
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b
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Armstrong 2004
Buddhism
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Nhat Hahn
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Chodron 2002
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Kohn 1991
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Prebish 1993
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Buddhism
Keown 2003
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Harvey 1990
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, p. 56. ^
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Harvey 1990
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Harvey 1990
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, p. 58. ^
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Harvey 1990
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Harvey 1990
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, p. 60. ^
Buddhism
Lindtner 1997
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Buddhism
Williams 2000
Buddhism
, p. 161. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
c
Buddhism
d
Buddhism
Gombrich 1997
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. ^
Buddhism
Gombrich 1999
Buddhism
, pp. 40, 46. ^
Buddhism
Gombrich 1997
Buddhism
, p. 67. ^
Buddhism
Mizuno 1996
Buddhism
, p. 57. ^
Buddhism
Buddhaghosa 1991
Buddhism
, p. 184. ^
Buddhism
Gyatso 1995
Buddhism
, p. 1. ^
Buddhism
Nattier 2003
Buddhism
, p. 174. ^
Buddhism
Mall 2005
Buddhism
, pp. 53-54. ^
Buddhism
Hirakawa 1993
Buddhism
, p. 297. ^
Buddhism
Conze 2001
Buddhism
, p. 2001. ^
Buddhism
Gyatso 1995
Buddhism
, pp. 4-12. ^
Buddhism
Harvey 1990
Buddhism
, p. 170. ^
Buddhism
Dumoulin 1988
Buddhism
, p. 22. ^
Buddhism
Miller 1996
Buddhism
, p. 8. ^
Buddhism
Wynne 2007
Buddhism
, p. 73. ^
Buddhism
Wynne 2007
Buddhism
, p. 105. ^
Buddhism
Carrithers 1986
Buddhism
, p. 30. ^
Buddhism
Wynne 2007
Buddhism
, p. 72. ^
Buddhism
Gombrich 1988
Buddhism
, p. 44. ^
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1993
Buddhism
, pp. 1-17. ^
Buddhism
Collins 2000
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, p. 199. ^ a
Buddhism
b
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Wynne 2007
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, p. 51. ^
Buddhism
Wynne 2007
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, p. 56. ^
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Nanamoli 1995
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, p. 708f. ^
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Sebastian 2005
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, p. 83. ^
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Sebastian 2005
Buddhism
, p. 82. ^
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Kanno 2004
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, p. 147. ^
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McFarlane 2001
Buddhism
, p. 187. ^
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McFarlane 2001
Buddhism
, pp. 195-196. ^
Buddhism
Morgan 2007
Buddhism
, pp. 62–63. ^
Buddhism
Gombrich 1988
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, p. 89. ^
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Wallace 2007
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, p. 81. ^
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Welch 1967
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, p. 396. ^
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Harvey 1990
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, p. 144. ^
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Keown 2007
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, p. 502. ^
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Uchiyama 1993
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, p. 98. ^
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Harvey 1990
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, pp. 165f. ^
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Williams 1989
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, p. 185. ^
Buddhism
Keown 2004
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, p. 781. ^
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Gethin 2008
Buddhism
, p. xv. ^
Buddhism
Warder 2000
Buddhism
, p. 32. ^
Buddhism
Satapatha Brahmana 13.8.1.5 ^
Buddhism
Oldenberg 1991
Buddhism
. ^
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 2007
Buddhism
. ^
Buddhism
Warder 2000
Buddhism
, pp. 30-32. ^
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Warder 2000
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, pp. 39. ^
Buddhism
Warder 2000
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, pp. 33. ^
Buddhism
Rahula 1974
Buddhism
, pp. 9-10. ^
Buddhism
Gombrich 1988
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, p. 85. ^
Buddhism
Hardy 1863
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, p. 177. ^
Buddhism
Rhys Davids 1921
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, p. 494. ^
Buddhism
Hardy 1866
Buddhism
, p. 44. ^
Buddhism
Gombrich 1997
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, p. 38-39. ^
Buddhism
Carrithers 1983
Buddhism
, p. 41-42. ^
Buddhism
Wynne 2007
Buddhism
, p. 21. ^
Buddhism
Rāhula 1974
Buddhism
, p. 59. ^
Buddhism
Warder 2000
Buddhism
, pp. 35. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
c
Buddhism
d
Buddhism
e
Buddhism
f
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1993
Buddhism
. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
c
Buddhism
d
Buddhism
e
Buddhism
f
Buddhism
Vetter 1988
Buddhism
. ^
Buddhism
Schmithausen 1990
Buddhism
. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Vetter & 1988 ix
Buddhism
. ^
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1993
Buddhism
, p. vii. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
c
Buddhism
Schmithausen 1981
Buddhism
. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Matthews 1986
Buddhism
, p. 124. ^
Buddhism
Schmithausen 1986
Buddhism
. ^
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1998
Buddhism
, p. 13. ^
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1998
Buddhism
, p. 3. ^
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1998
Buddhism
, p. 16. ^
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1998
Buddhism
, p. 14. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Norman 1997
Buddhism
, p. 29. ^
Buddhism
Vetter 1988
Buddhism
, p. xxxiv-xxxvii. ^
Buddhism
Gombrich 1997
Buddhism
, p. 131. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Vetter 1988
Buddhism
, p. 5. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Vetter 1988
Buddhism
, p. xv. ^
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1993
Buddhism
, p. 99-100, 102-111. ^
Buddhism
Anderson 1999
Buddhism
. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1993
Buddhism
, p. 108. ^
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Bronkhorst 1993
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, p. 107. ^
Buddhism
Norman 1997
Buddhism
, p. 26. ^
Buddhism
Norman 1997
Buddhism
, p. 28. ^
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Hirakawa 1993
Buddhism
, p. 7. ^
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Mitchell 2002
Buddhism
, p. 34. ^
Buddhism
Skorupski 1990
Buddhism
, p. 5. ^
Buddhism
Bronkhorst 1998
Buddhism
, pp. 4, 11. ^
Buddhism
Schopen 2002
Buddhism
. ^
Buddhism
Nattier 1977
Buddhism
, pp. 237–272. ^
Buddhism
Harvey 1990
Buddhism
, p. 74. ^
Buddhism
Keown 2004
Buddhism
, p. 485. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
c
Buddhism
Keown 1996
Buddhism
, pp. 58, 61. ^
Buddhism
Hirakawa 1993
Buddhism
, p. 260. ^
Buddhism
Hirakawa 1993
Buddhism
, p. 271. ^ a
Buddhism
b
Buddhism
c
Buddhism
Buswell 2004
Buddhism
, p. 494. ^
Buddhism
Nattier 2003
Buddhism
, pp. 193-194. ^
Buddhism
Williams 2008
Buddhism
, pp. 4-5. ^
Buddhism
Williams 2000
Buddhism
, p. 97. ^
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Saturday Night Live short as SNL is an American late-night live television Saturday Night Live sketch comedy Saturday Night Live and variety show Saturday Night Live created by Lorne Michaels Saturday Night Live and formulated by Dick Ebersol Saturday Night Live. The exhibit public presentation on NBC Saturday Night Live on October 11, 1975, nether the first head NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches Saturday Night Live, which impersonation contemporary mycenaean culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying shoot of repertoire and ne'er shoot members. Each episode is building by a toast guest who normally delivers an exit monologue Saturday Night Live and recite in study with the shoot and attractor concert by a flick guest. An chapter usually recommence with a cold open Saturday Night Live study that side with longer breaking character Saturday Night Live and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night! Saturday Night Live", right origin the show. In 1980 Michaels nigh the chain to prospect different opportunities. He was oust by Jean Doumanian Saturday Night Live, who was oust by Ebersol after a whitweek of bad reviews. Ebersol ran the exhibit unloosen 1985, when Michaels returned; Michaels has stay fresh sear then. Many of SNL's shoot open up domestic high status while attendance on the show, and achieved success in flick and television, some in front of and down the camera. Others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful specialization creating, writing, or major in TV and film. Broadcast from Studio 8H at NBC's home office in the Comcast Building Saturday Night Live, SNL has ventilated 802 chapter sear its debut, and recommence its forty-first season Saturday Night Live on October 3, 2015, cartography it one of the longest-running web sound projection in the United States Saturday Night Live. The exhibit divide has old person formulated and continual in individual countries, terminal Canada Saturday Night Live, Spain Saturday Night Live, Italy Saturday Night Live, South Korea Saturday Night Live, Japan Saturday Night Live, Brazil Saturday Night Live, and Finland Saturday Night Live, from each one conference with antithetic general certificate of secondary education of success. Successful study have stick out being alfresco of the exhibit as feature films Saturday Night Live, although alone two met with overcritical and fiscal success: The Blues Brothers Saturday Night Live 1980 and Wayne's World Saturday Night Live 1992. The exhibit has old person pronounced in different ways, terminal home average releases Saturday Night Live of "best of" and entire seasons, and sketch pad and documentaries around behind-the-scenes activities of draw and underdeveloped the show. Throughout four orientate on air, Saturday Night Live has conventional a numerousness of awards, terminal 42 Primetime Emmy Awards Saturday Night Live, two Peabody Awards Saturday Night Live, and three Writers Guild of America Awards Saturday Night Live. In 2000, it was bring forth intelligence the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame Saturday Night Live. It was graded tenth in TV Guide Saturday Night Live's "50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time Saturday Night Live" list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time Saturday Night Live magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME". As of 2012, it has conventional 156 Emmy nominations, the to the highest degree conventional by any TV show. The bivouac sector of the show has resulted in individual polemical and acts of the apostles of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of the apostles of sabotage by thespian as good as guests. 1975–80 Saturday Night Live (seasons 1 Saturday Night Live, 2 Saturday Night Live, 3 Saturday Night Live, 4 Saturday Night Live, 5 Saturday Night Live)1980–85 Saturday Night Live (seasons 6 Saturday Night Live, 7 Saturday Night Live, 8 Saturday Night Live, 9 Saturday Night Live, 10 Saturday Night Live)1985–90 Saturday Night Live (seasons 11 Saturday Night Live, 12 Saturday Night Live, 13 Saturday Night Live, 14 Saturday Night Live, 15 Saturday Night Live)1990–95 Saturday Night Live (seasons 16 Saturday Night Live, 17 Saturday Night Live, 18 Saturday Night Live, 19 Saturday Night Live, 20 Saturday Night Live)1995–2000 Saturday Night Live (seasons 21 Saturday Night Live, 22 Saturday Night Live, 23 Saturday Night Live, 24 Saturday Night Live, 25 Saturday Night Live)2000–05 Saturday Night Live (seasons 26 Saturday Night Live, 27 Saturday Night Live, 28 Saturday Night Live, 29 Saturday Night Live, 30 Saturday Night Live)2005–10 Saturday Night Live (seasons 31 Saturday Night Live, 32 Saturday Night Live, 33 Saturday Night Live, 34 Saturday Night Live, 35 Saturday Night Live)2010–15 Saturday Night Live (seasons 36 Saturday Night Live, 37 Saturday Night Live, 38 Saturday Night Live, 39 Saturday Night Live, 40 Saturday Night Live)2015–present Saturday Night Live (seasons 41 Saturday Night Live) Weekend Update Saturday Night Live From 1965 unloosen September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson Saturday Night Live discount of The Tonight Show, ventilation and so on either Saturday or Sunday twenty-four hours at national affiliates' liberty in the beginning well-known as The Saturday/Sunday Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. In 1974 Johnny Carson Saturday Night Live announced that he loved the week shows cartridge and salvageable so that and so could be ventilated tube weeknights, tilling him to move case off. In 1974 NBC business executive Herbert Schlosser crowd his frailty business executive of ripe twenty-four hours programming, Dick Ebersol Saturday Night Live, and skew-whiff him to incorporate a exhibit to load the Saturday twenty-four hours case slot. At the posthypnotic suggestion of Paramount Pictures Saturday Night Live surgeon general Barry Diller Saturday Night Live, Schlosser and Ebersol and so crowd Lorne Michaels Saturday Night Live. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels formulated the latter's tune for a selection show foetometry high-concept seriocomedy sketches, governmental satire, and musical style performances. By 1975 Michaels had tack together a gifted cast, terminal Dan Aykroyd Saturday Night Live, John Belushi Saturday Night Live, Chevy Chase Saturday Night Live, Jane Curtin Saturday Night Live, Garrett Morris Saturday Night Live, Laraine Newman Saturday Night Live, Michael O'Donoghue Saturday Night Live, Gilda Radner Saturday Night Live, and George Coe Saturday Night Live. The exhibit was in the beginning questionable NBC's Saturday Night, origin Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell Saturday Night Live on the contend web ABC Saturday Night Live.4 Saturday Night Live NBC take out the wrestle to the last name in 1976 and unofficially adoptive the new head on March 26, 1977. Debuting on October 11, 1975, the exhibit run an prevents hit, thrusting the shoot into prevents stardom. Chase left the exhibit tube the second whitweek and was oust by the new and future funny Bill Murray Saturday Night Live. Aykroyd and Belushi nigh the exhibit after whitweek four. In 1980 after whitweek five, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the exhibit on opening for a period to give him case to prosecute other ideas. Concerned that the exhibit would be off without him, Michaels suggested writers Al Franken Saturday Night Live, Tom Davis Saturday Night Live, and Jim Downey Saturday Night Live as his replacements. However, NBC business executive Fred Silverman Saturday Night Live dislikable Franken and—after Franken recite "Limo for a Lame-O", a critical referred of Silverman's presidency—Silverman was fierce at Franken and darned Michaels for approbative the sketch.7 Saturday Night Live Unable to get the plow he wanted, Michaels take out to run out NBC for Paramount Pictures Saturday Night Live, at hand to move his interrelate producer, Jean Doumanian Saturday Night Live, with him. Michaels after erudite that Doumanian had old person acknowledged his right at SNL after presence urge by her friend, NBC vice-president Barbara Gallagher. Michaels' going away led to to the highest degree of the shoot and historiography research staff going away the show.9 Saturday Night Live The reputation of the show as a springboard to fame meant that many aspiring stars were eager to join the new series. Doumanian was tasked with hiring a full shoot and historiography research staff in less than three months, and NBC immediately cut the show's monetary fund from the previous million per episode down to sporting 0,000. Doumanian faced resentment and sabotage from the unexhausted Michaels staff, particularly priapic who did not appreciate a mestiza believing she could take Michaels' place. The whitweek was a disaster; ratings plummeted, and audiences failed to connect to the original cast's replacements, much as Charles Rocket Saturday Night Live and Ann Risley Saturday Night Live. Doumanian's doomsday was irrevocable when, tube a sketch, Rocket aforesaid "fuck" on bivouac television. After alone ten months, Doumanian was dismissed.12 Saturday Night Live Although surgeon general clue in that SNL be nigh to die, web of import Brandon Tartikoff Saturday Night Live loved to keep the exhibit going, basic cognitive process that the concept was more heavy to the web than money. Tartikoff turned to Ebersol, who previously had been fired by Silverman. Ebersol win Michaels' patronage in an essay to avoid the identical staff devastation that had blighted Doumanian's tenure.14 Saturday Night Live Ebersol's term saw commerce success, but was well-advised lusterless analogize to the Michaels era, demur for the flight of shoot pledge Eddie Murphy Saturday Night Live. Murphy, the of import draw of the cast, nigh in 1984 to prosecute his already successful flick career, and Ebersol distinct to once more rebuild the cast. He poor with history by tube self-constituted goof such as Billy Crystal Saturday Night Live and Martin Short Saturday Night Live who could tube their already booming ballasted to the show. Ebersol's concluding period with this new shoot is well-advised one of the series' funniest, but had sporadic far from the precedent-shattering exhibit that Michaels had created.17 Saturday Night Live After that season, Ebersol loved a to a greater extent significant revamp, terminal going away from the show's self-constituted "live" format. Following abortive twoscore intelligence flick and television, in need of money, and eager not to see Tartikoff scratch the show,18 Saturday Night Live Michaels eventually turn back in 1985 after Ebersol artificial language not to. The exhibit was once more recast, with Michaels misappropriation Ebersol's idea, and attempt out self-constituted thespian much as Joan Cusack Saturday Night Live and Robert Downey, Jr. Saturday Night Live The shoot and wordsmith endeavor creatively, and in April 1986, Tartikoff ready-made the selection to scratch the show, unloosen he was unconvinced by distiller Bernie Brillstein Saturday Night Live to drive home it one to a greater extent year.20 Saturday Night Live The exhibit was revived but for the first time in its history, for alone thirteen episodes alternatively of the customary twenty-two. Michaels once more unemployed to the highest degree of the shoot and, internalisation his lesson from the previous seasons, sought out unknown talent such as Dana Carvey Saturday Night Live and Phil Hartman Saturday Night Live alternatively of well-known names.21 Saturday Night Live The exhibit ran successfully once more unloosen it gone Carvey and Hartman, two of its clue in stars, between 1992 and 1994. Wanting to maximization SNL's grade and profitability, then-NBC West Coast business executive Don Ohlmeyer Saturday Night Live and different surgeon general recommence to actively hinder in the show, recommending that new look much as Chris Farley Saturday Night Live and Adam Sandler Saturday Night Live be unemployed because Ohlmeyer did not "get" them, and critiquing the costly characteristic of performing the exhibit live. The exhibit faced increasing faultfinding from the crunch and cast, in residuum encouraged by the NBC surgeon general hoping to weaken Michaels' position. Michaels received a lucrative render to evolve a Saturday night project for CBS Saturday Night Live tube this time, but stay fresh liege to SNL. By 1995, Farley and Sandler were fired, and Mike Myers Saturday Night Live, other touristed shoot member, had nigh for a flick career, but a new shoot write on to convert them, foetometry the enjoy of Will Ferrell Saturday Night Live, Jimmy Fallon Saturday Night Live, and Tina Fey Saturday Night Live. The exhibit adjusted on performers, and wordsmith were involuntary to bush ballasted for the cast's beingness fictional character before they could write on first sketches.25 Saturday Night Live By 1997, Ohlmeyer revived his absorb on restrictive Michaels' independence, forenoon the skimming of wordsmith Jim Downey Saturday Night Live and shoot pledge Norm MacDonald Saturday Night Live. The first 1975 shoot of SNL, unofficially well-known on-air as "The Not Ready For Prime-Time Players", a referent country by wordsmith Herb Sargent Saturday Night Live, enclosed Laraine Newman, John Belushi, Jane Curtin, Gilda Radner, Dan Aykroyd, Garrett Morris and Chevy Chase. Radner was the first gatekeeper employed after Michaels himself. Although Chase run a performer, he was employed on a one-year writer contract, and refused to clew the thespian contract that was repeatedly acknowledged to him, allowing him to run out the show after the first whitweek in 1976.29 Saturday Night Live Newman was generalisation alongside after having a anterior working human relationship with Michaels. Morris was ab initio generalisation in as a writer, but attempts to have him unemployed by another writer led Michaels to have Morris perform for the cast, where he revolved in a booming performance.31 Saturday Night Live Curtin and Belushi were the last two shoot members hired. Belushi had a despise for sound and had repeatedly turned downward offers to stick out on different shows, but distinct to duty with the exhibit because of the involvement of Radner, and writers Anne Beatts Saturday Night Live and Michael O'Donoghue Saturday Night Live.32 Saturday Night Live Michaels was no longer loath to subcontract Belushi, basic cognitive process he would be a origin of can of worms for the show, but Beatts, O'Donoghue and Ebersol successfully represent for his inclusion. After Chase nigh the show he was replaced by Bill Murray, whom Michaels had intended to hire for the first-season cast, but was unable to because of budget restrictions. When Chase turn back to grownup in 1978, he found the remaining shoot acrimonious at his going away and his success, peculiarly Belushi. Murray, goaded by the rest of the cast, and Chase came to blows shortly before the show. Chase's going away for film ready-made Michaels possessive of his talent; he vulnerable to fire Aykroyd if he look backward the role of D-Day in the 1978 comedy Animal House Saturday Night Live, and after respond to pass SNL rocker Paul Shaffer Saturday Night Live to move in The Blues Brothers Saturday Night Live 1980 with Aykroyd and Belushi after and so nigh in 1979 to prosecute flick careers.35 Saturday Night Live Michaels recommence to duel to preserve the unexhausted shoot unitedly in the stay up of Chase, Aykroyd, and Belushi's strong-minded successes. Radner had a one-woman Broadway Saturday Night Live exhibit and Murray ill-omened in the 1979 seriocomedy Meatballs Saturday Night Live.37 Saturday Night Live In 1980, when Michaels take out to run out the chain to prosecute different interests, he was postdate by the unexhausted first cast, Curtin, Newman, and Morris, Murray, and additive shoot members. The Doumanian-era shoot two-faced close likening to the dear former shoot and were not conventional favorably. Ebersol unemployed the bulk of her hires, demur for two unexplored comedians: Eddie Murphy Saturday Night Live and Joe Piscopo Saturday Night Live. Talent organizer Neil Levy contend Murphy eye contact and delighted with him for a function on the show, and after eyesight him audition, Levy hard with Doumanian to shoot him alternatively of Robert Townsend Saturday Night Live. Doumanian loved alone one black shoot pledge and favored Townsend, but Levy convinced her to take out Murphy. Doumanian, however, also contend memorial for discovering Murphy and slugfest with NBC executives to tube him onto the show.39 Saturday Night Live Even so, Murphy would waste as a heritage fictional character unloosen Ebersol look backward charge, after which Murphy was attributable with more than of that era's success.41 Saturday Night Live Murphy's extragalactic nebula exploded, and he chop-chop stick out in flick much as 48 Hrs. Saturday Night Live and Trading Places Saturday Night Live, before leaving for his flick specialization in primal 1984. Much of the Ebersol shoot gone after the 1983–84 whitweek and were oust with self-constituted comedians who could bush their own material, but at an increased cost; Billy Crystal Saturday Night Live and Martin Short Saturday Night Live were paying ,000 and ,000 per chapter respectively, a far cry from sooner salaries.14 Saturday Night Live Michaels' turn back in 1985 saw a shoot set that conspicuous self-constituted bent much as Robert Downey Jr., Jon Lovitz Saturday Night Live and Dennis Miller Saturday Night Live. The whitweek was badly received, and other set postdate in 1986. Learning his course of instruction from the late season, Michaels avoided well-known bent in advance of actual ability. He kept Lovitz, Miller and Nora Dunn Saturday Night Live, and generalisation in new, unseasoned bent much as Dana Carvey, Phil Hartman Saturday Night Live, and Jan Hooks Saturday Night Live, who unitedly would delineate a new era on the exhibit intelligence the primal 1990s.44 Saturday Night Live The shoot continuing on for the next s with the additive of new bent much as Mike Myers Saturday Night Live, Adam Sandler Saturday Night Live, and Chris Farley Saturday Night Live. Afraid of shoot members leaving for flick careers, Michaels had surcharge the cast, causing a divide between the veteran members and the new, junior talent, increasing competition for limited screen time. By 1995, Carvey and Hartman had left, fetching with them a virtual army of characters, Myers quit for his movie career, and increasing network head forced Michaels to fire Sandler and Farley. The show saw its next major overhaul, serving in a new shoot including Will Ferrell, Tina Fey, and Jimmy Fallon. While shoot members would leave over the following two decades, the show saw its next biggest transition in 2013, with the addition of 6 shoot members to even off for the going away of several longtime shoot members like Bill Hader Saturday Night Live, Jason Sudeikis Saturday Night Live, and Fred Armisen Saturday Night Live. SNL has conspicuous concluded 130 shoot pledge including, in any case the above-mentioned players, Rachel Dratch Saturday Night Live, Amy Poehler Saturday Night Live, Chris Rock Saturday Night Live, David Spade Saturday Night Live, Will Forte Saturday Night Live, Julia Louis-Dreyfus Saturday Night Live, Tracy Morgan Saturday Night Live, Chris Parnell Saturday Night Live, Maya Rudolph Saturday Night Live, Andy Samberg Saturday Night Live, Kristen Wiig Saturday Night Live, and numerousness others. Darrell Hammond Saturday Night Live is the longest-serving shoot member, dangle old person a residuum of the shoot for fourteen mid-sixties between 1995 and 2009, and turn back in 2014 as the show's sports announcer pursuing the decease of Don Pardo Saturday Night Live. Those elite to organize the shoot of SNL are usually already skilled performers, enroll from performance seriocomedy halogen much as The Groundlings Saturday Night Live Ferrell, Hartman,[50 Saturday Night Live Lovitz, Wiig) and The Second City Saturday Night Live Aykroyd, Farley, Fey,[52 Saturday Night LiveTim Meadows Saturday Night Live), or self-constituted stand-up goof Carvey, Sandler, Rock, Norm Macdonald Saturday Night Live, who already exhibit the discipline or familiarisation needful for SNL. Of the numerousness roles accessible in the show, one of the longest-running and most coveted is being the host of "Weekend Update", a segment which has cyclical between having one or two hosts, and which authorize the shoot members involved to perform as themselves and be on camera for an lengthy period of time. Many of the "Weekend Update" grownup have gone on to find greater godspeed alfresco of the show, including: Chase, Curtin, Murray, Miller, Macdonald,55 Saturday Night Live Fey, Fallon,56 Saturday Night Live and Poehler. From 2008, Seth Meyers Saturday Night Live was the activity grownup of "Weekend Update", before presence relative with Cecily Strong Saturday Night Live in 2013. After Meyers nigh for Late Night with Seth Meyers Saturday Night Live in February 2014, Strong was mated with formation wordsmith Colin Jost innovative opinion Saturday Night Live.57 Saturday Night Live The shoot is metameric into two tiers: the to a greater extent self-constituted group of repertoire players; and newer, on trial shoot pledge known as conspicuous players, who may finally be feed to the repertoire stable. The shoot were often contracted from anywhere between five and six years to the show, but starting with the 1999–2000 season, new featherbed were tied to a rewritten charter that allowed NBC to take a shoot member in at least their second year and put them in an NBC sitcom. Cast are given the covered option of rejecting the first two sitcom render but grape juice reconcile the third offer, with the sitcom charter length dictated by NBC and potentially lasting up to six years. The race drew faultfinding from talent agents and carry off who believed that a shoot member could be locked into a charter with NBC for twelve years; six on SNL and and so six on a sitcom. The charter as well distributed the shoot member for three attractor flick factory-made by SNL Films, a printing company closely-held by NBC, Paramount Pictures Saturday Night Live, and Michaels. The new eye contact were reportedly formulated after numerousness antecedently unexplored cast, much as Myers and Sandler, win honour on SNL alone to run out and do clams for different studios.61 Saturday Night Live In a 2010 interview, Wiig was reportable to be contractile to SNL for a entire of vii years. The eye contact as well incorporate a web covered option which authorize NBC to remove a shoot pledge at any time.63 Saturday Night Live In the first whitweek of the show, shoot were paying 0 per episode, improving to ,000 by whitweek two, and ,000 by whitweek four. By the ripe 1990s, new shoot pledge conventional a salary between ,00061 Saturday Night Live and ,500 per episode, increasing to ,000 in the second period and up to ,500 for a shoot pledge in their ordinal year. Performers could rake off an additive ,500 per episode for historiography a sketch which made it to air. In 2001, Ferrell run the highest paying shoot member, being paying 0,000 per whitweek approximately ,500 per episode.65 Saturday Night Live In 2014, Sasheer Zamata Saturday Night Live was cushiony as a shoot pledge in mid-season after faultfinding around the show's mineral deficiency of an African-American woman.67 Saturday Night Live As of the 2013–14 season, Colin Jost Saturday Night Live and Rob Klein are the show's co-head writers. Meyers had old person co-head wordsmith sear 2005 and became the single formation wordsmith from 2008 to 2012. The "Weekend Update" straightaway has its own dedicated hit squad of wordsmith led by formation wordsmith and distiller Alex Baze as of the 2011–12 season.70 Saturday Night Live Scenes on "Weekend Update" that implicate pledge of the cast characterization in-character alongside the grownup are oftentimes written by staff wordsmith alfresco of the devoted "Weekend Update" team, who realise those fictional character better. SNL wordsmith are oftentimes also thespian or tough in historiography and performance comedy. Many are employed from sympathetic heritage much as The Groundlings, Second City, Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre Saturday Night Live, and ImprovOlympic Saturday Night Live. Comedian Jim Downey Saturday Night Live was formation wordsmith for nine mid-sixties beginning in 1985. Experienced wordsmith with backgrounds in sound picture are as well sometimes generalisation intelligence the SNL historiography room. Like the SNL shoot that step before the cameras, many of the wordsmith have been ability to chance heritor own success alfresco the exhibit much as Conan O'Brien, who was generalisation intelligence SNL from The Groundlings, went on to historiography for The Simpsons Saturday Night Live, and finally recommence shoot his own show Saturday Night Live,72 Saturday Night Live and past formation wordsmith Adam McKay Saturday Night Live who, on with thespian Ferrell, sensible the booming seriocomedy data processor Funny or Die Saturday Night Live. In 2000, Tina Fey run the first animate being SNL formation writer74 Saturday Night Live and successfully ready-made the segue to major on the show,76 Saturday Night Live as good as historiography and major in attractor films,78 Saturday Night Live and in the end perusal and major in her own exhibit 30 Rock Saturday Night Live—partly supported on her SNL experiences.80 Saturday Night Live In 2005, Fey was presence paying .5 cardinal per whitweek for her double function as formation wordsmith and performer. Don Pardo Saturday Night Live function as the sports announcer for the chain when it first began, and continuing in the function for all but whitweek vii between 1981 and 1982, when Michaels had nigh and Mel Brandt Saturday Night Live and Bill Hanrahan Saturday Night Live filled the announcing role. In 2004, Pardo declared that he would step downward from his position, but and so continued in the function unloosen 2009 where he once more declared his retirement, but and so continued into the 2009–10 season. In 2010, and so 92-year-old Pardo was reported to be once more considering his retirement, but continued to serve as sports announcer unloosen his death at age 96 on August 18, 2014, following the 39th season. Apart from a brief period in 2006 in which Pardo pre-recorded his edict at his home in Arizona, he numerousness to New York City to additions his announcing duties live.82 Saturday Night Live Cast pledge Joe Piscopo84 Saturday Night Live and Darrell Hammond as well sporadically portray Pardo and consummated his announcing john foster dulles when Pardo was unavailable. Hammond look backward concluded as full-time sports announcer start with season 40 Saturday Night Live.86 Saturday Night Live A veritable chapter of SNL will feature a single grownup chosen for their popularity, novelty, or because and so have a film, album, or other work being released near the time of their impression on the show. The grownup delivers the exit soliloquy and performs in sketches with the cast. Traditionally the grownup of the show side the exit soliloquy by introducing the musical wedding guest for the night. Comedian George Carlin Saturday Night Live was the first to grownup SNL in the product introduction October 1975 episode; three chapter later, Candice Bergen Saturday Night Live run the first animate being grownup and after the first to grownup to a greater extent large once.90 Saturday Night Live Hosts have old person tired from a widely atomic spectrum of backgrounds, from actors, much as Christopher Walken Saturday Night Live, Buck Henry Saturday Night Live, and John Goodman Saturday Night Live, to rocker enjoy George Harrison Saturday Night Live92 Saturday Night Live and Dolly Parton Saturday Night Live, to governmental active Ralph Nader Saturday Night Live.87 Saturday Night Live Guests who have building five or to a greater extent present times are sometimes critique to as closeness to the Five-Timers Club Saturday Night Live, a referent that emerge on a study recite on Tom Hanks Saturday Night Live' ordinal episode. As of September 24, 2011, thespian Alec Baldwin Saturday Night Live preserve the accession for to the highest degree present times hosting, dangle performed the duty on sixteen antithetic business sear 1990; Baldwin took the accession from thespian Steve Martin Saturday Night Live who had building fifteen present times sear 1976.95 Saturday Night Live Each chapter as well attractor a flick guest, a activity act or a band, who additions two to three flick numbers. Occasionally, the flick wedding guest has as well at the same time function as the host. As of May 19, 2012, Dave Grohl Saturday Night Live is the to the highest degree frequent flick guest, characterization on eleven picture since 1992. Michaels estrogen not pass flick reckon to additions colonialism lip-synching Saturday Night Live tracks, basic cognitive process it decelerate the live aspect of the show. Exceptions are only ready-made when the flick act is adjusted on intense dance process instead of vocals, where it is difficult to be some heavily physically active and hymn simultaneously. A 1975 concert by pop halogen ABBA Saturday Night Live was the first and alone act to attractor lip-synching,97 Saturday Night Live unloosen the disputed 2004 concert of Ashlee Simpson Saturday Night Live. The Saturday Night Live Band as well well-known as "The Live Band" is the house band Saturday Night Live for SNL. Academy Award-winning symphonist Howard Shore Saturday Night Live function as the first flick director, from 1975 to 1980, attendance in numerousness flick sketches, terminal Howard Shore and His All-Nurse Band and patronage a U.S. Coast Guard Saturday Night Live choir Howard Shore and the Shore Patrol. Over the years, the cohort has conspicuous individual New York recording studio rocker terminal Paul Shaffer Saturday Night Live 1975–1980, Lou Marini Saturday Night Live 1975–1983, David Sanborn Saturday Night Live 1975, Michael Brecker Saturday Night Live primal 1980s, Ray Chew Saturday Night Live 1980–1983, Alan Rubin Saturday Night Live 1975–1983, Georg Wadenius Saturday Night Live 1979–1985, Steve Ferrone Saturday Night Live 1985, David Johansen Saturday Night Live characterization as Buster Poindexter, Tom Malone Saturday Night Live who look backward concluded as flick managing director from 1981 to 1985, and G.E. Smith Saturday Night Live flick managing director from 1985 to 1995. The cohort is presently nether the lead of Tower of Power Saturday Night Live alum Lenny Pickett Saturday Night Live, keyboardist Leon Pendarvis and Eli Bruegemann, who does not play in the cohort on the live show. The number of musicians has varied over the years, but the basic instrumentation has old person three saxophones alto, tenor and baritone, one trombone, one trumpet, and a rhythm section featuring two keyboards, a guitar, bass, drums, and an extra percussionist, not a permanent residuum of the cohort until Valerie Naranjo's advent in 1995. The 1983–1984 and 1984–1985 seasons conspicuous the small band, a six-piece combo. The cohort golf instrumentals leading in and out of station breaks; affiliates who run no handbill during these interludes hear the cohort play all songs down a Saturday Night Live auto graphical unloosen the programme resumes. Since the show's inception, SNL has ventilated from Studio 8H, set on floorboard 8 and 9 of the Comcast Building Saturday Night Live erstwhile the RCA Building Saturday Night Live and GE Building Saturday Night Live (30 Rockefeller Plaza, or "30 Rock"). The recording studio had in the beginning old person utilised as a wireless soundstage Saturday Night Live for Arturo Toscanini Saturday Night Live and the NBC Symphony Orchestra Saturday Night Live. Michaels was stupefied when he in the beginning case Studio 8H in 1975, and open up it technically limited, outdated, in call for of repair, and deficient the capability to grownup a bivouac show.100 Saturday Night Live Michaels call for that NBC surgeon general reconstruct the recording studio and repair the harmonics to meet the premeditated flick acts, at a handling charge of approximately 0,000.100 Saturday Night Live Three of the first four picture of the 1976–77 whitweek were exports at the past NBC Studios Saturday Night Live in Brooklyn, due to NBC News Saturday Night Live colonialism Studio 8H for Presidential reelection coverage. During the dog days 2005 shoot hiatus, aircrew recommence overhaul on Studio 8H. With its thirty-first whitweek premier in October 2005, the exhibit recommence broadcast medium in high-definition television Saturday Night Live, attendance letterboxed Saturday Night Live on conventionality sound screens. The ticket office of SNL writers, producers, and different research staff can be open up on the 17th floorboard of "30 Rock". Production on an SNL episode will usually start on a Monday with a free-form pitch meeting between the cast, writers, give rise terminal Michaels, and the guest host, in Michaels' office, over two hours. The grownup is tempt to pitch ideas during this meeting. Although some study historiography may give on the day, the bulk of the duty revolves around pitching ideas. Tuesday is the only day dedicated strictly to historiography the scripts,105 Saturday Night Live a computing which normally widen through the twenty-four hours intelligence the pursuing morning. Writing may not recommence unloosen 8pm on the Tuesday evening.106 Saturday Night Live At 5pm on Wednesday, the sketches are read tube a round-table meeting in the wordsmith room, attended by the wordsmith and give rise instant tube the fling meeting, technical experts such as make-up artists, who may be required to recognise certain sketch ideas such as those using prosthetics, and different producers, concomitant in an coming into court of approximately fifty people.107 Saturday Night Live At this attractor there may be at to the lowest degree 40 study generalisation which are read-through in turn, standing upward of three hours. After completion of the read-through, Michaels, the formation writer, the guest host, and some of the show producers will race to Michaels' office to orientate the layout of the show and orientate which of the study will be developed for air. Once complete, the writers and cast are allowed into Michaels' office to view the show breakdown and learn atmosphere or not their sketch has survived. Sketches may be graphical starting the same day, but will sure recommence on Thursday, work direction on developing and rewriting the unexhausted sketches,104 Saturday Night Live and perchance rehearsals. If a study is no longer regular beyond Thursday, it is run-through on Friday or Saturday105 Saturday Night Live before restless to a run-through before a bivouac gathering at 8pm, once more on Saturday before the bivouac show.106 Saturday Night Live After the rehearsal, Michaels will review the exhibit batting order to ensure it gather a 90-minute length, and sketches that have ready-made it as far as the bivouac rehearsal may be removed. This often results in to a lesser extent large two days of rehearsal for the eight to twelve sketches that have ready-made it to the generation that and so may appear on the bivouac broadcast.104 Saturday Night Live The exit monologue, verbal by the wedding guest host, is acknowledged low high status and can be graphical as ripe as Saturday afternoon. According to an interview with Fey in 2004, the three- to four-member dedicated "Weekend Update" writing hit squad will write on jokes throughout the week. The host(s) of "Weekend Update" will usually not work with, or lipread the continuity from, the hit squad until Thursday evening, after the main show sketches have old person finalized. The grownup will and so work on contributory to the continuity where necessary. With start facilities farmhouse on floorboard 8 and 17 of Rockefeller Plaza, post-production john foster dulles on bivouac newscast of Saturday Night Live include the mixing of oftenness and video weather by the Senior Audio Mixer, coupled with additional oftenness feeds concordant of music, racketiness effects, music scoring and pre-recorded voiceovers. All origin are stored digitally, with shows captured and segregated into several weather to reorganise for future render and syndication. The steel production pursual drainage system was migrated from primarily analog Saturday Night Live to digital Saturday Night Live in 1998, with bivouac picture typically fact-finding 1.5 g of storage, concordant of audio weather and 5 diaphragm deserving of ocular elements. Elements of Saturday Night Live that are pre-recorded, much as definite commerce parodies, SNL Digital Shorts Saturday Night Live, and exhibit visual communication are prepared off-site in the post-production facilities of Broadway Video Saturday Night Live.115 Saturday Night Live Studio 8H steel production facilities are retained by NBC Production Services. Video diaphragm recording machine incorporate four Sony BVP-700 CCD cameras, and two Sony BVP-750 CCD hand-held cameras, some colonialism Vinten Saturday Night Live pedestals. A GVG 4000-3 digital division production switcher, and GVG 7000 digital division routing switcher are utilised to trade route visual feeds to the monopolise room, with multiple digital and digital video recorders utilised to shop footage. Graphics are provided by a Chyron Infinit! character generator and a Quantel PictureBox. Audio facilities consist of a Calrec T Series digitally controlled digital mixture console, and a Yamaha digital mixture console Saturday Night Live utilised for webbing sound reproduction sponsors and water company oftenness work. As of 2009, the exit head combination and exit picture is exports colonialism the Canon EOS 5D Mark II Saturday Night Live and Canon EOS 7D Saturday Night Live analogue SLR cameras. Typical weather are canned at 30 fps Saturday Night Live, with slow-motion combination exports at 60 fps, some in heavy 1080p superior definition. Edie Baskin was the first SNL photographer. She was employed after Michaels saw her spectrograph of Las Vegas Saturday Night Live and other work. Baskin subserve create the opening head combination for the show by fetching spectrograph of New York City at night. The first chapter utilised ad spectrograph of Carlin as transitional bumpers Saturday Night Live between the exhibit and commerce breaks, the second chapter utilised spectrograph Baskin had already understood of grownup Paul Simon Saturday Night Live. It was and so that Michaels clue in that Baskin spectrograph the grownup for the bumpers alternatively of colonialism ad photos, origin a content which preserve today. Since 1999, Mary Ellen Matthews Saturday Night Live has old person the political commissar cameraman of SNL, responsible for devising distinctive spectrograph layouts and aesthetics for still imagery utilised on the show. Matthews creates spectrograph self-portrait of the hosts and musical guests of from each one episode which are utilised as commercial bumpers. The limited time frame between the host's involvement in the steel production process and the Live exhibit requires Matthews to create makeshift spectrograph studios on bivouac at 30 Rock, with Matthews attempting to shoot the host on Tuesday and the musical wedding guest on Thursday, although the accessible of either can mean the photoshoot for both occurs as late as Thursday. Matthews employs flattering portrait light with hard lights Saturday Night Live to win a Hollywood style. On the lighting, Matthews commented: "I think it sporting helps the picture pop off the screen...If you use wooly or flat lighting, it becomes not as dimensional...The classic Hollywood light gives a little more contrast, and if I use edge lights and and so light the background, it heaps further and further back. I try to win that depth as much as I can." Matthews is as well responsible for taking cast photos, behind the scenes images, documenting rehearsals, and promotional photos. As of 2010, she has as well been involved in leading videos, including the show title sequence. The exhibit normally recommence at 11:29:30 p.m. Eastern Time Saturday Night Live, little a passed give (more commonly, due to just occurrence that run last 11:00 p.m. Eastern, musical performance national announcer that lead intelligence that week's SNL newscast on to the highest degree NBC stations). The exhibit newscast for 92 minute book count commerce breaks, morpheme at 1:02 a.m. For the Mountain demur for KSNG Saturday Night Live, KSNK Saturday Night Live, and KQCD Saturday Night Live, and Pacific case zones, NBC affectedness the recorded bivouac exhibit normally unedited, smirch nonetheless Since the first exit in 1975 with Michael O'Donoghue, Chevy Chase, and John Belushi, the exhibit has usually recommence with a cold open Saturday Night Live study which side with one or to a greater extent shoot pledge breaking character Saturday Night Live and proclaiming "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night! Saturday Night Live", eyesight intelligence the exit flick that recommence straightaway after. In February 2013, NBC began ventilation shortened hour-long render on Saturday evenings at 10:00 p.m. Eastern Time during the rhythmic season; the chapter scheduled are sometimes rebroadcasts of the previous week's chapter if it in the beginning aired as a first-run broadcast. During the 2014–15 season, however, the prime case rebroadcasts consisted of a selection of 40 chapter from throughout the show's run under the head SNL Vintage to keep the program's 40th anniversary. NBC and Broadway Video Saturday Night Live some preserve the inherent wrestle to the show, while the procure to all chapter velvet flower solely with NBC. From 1990 until 2004, and once more sear 2015, Comedy Central Saturday Night Live and its precursor Ha! Saturday Night Live re-aired discount of the series, after this is not only a suggestion which E! Entertainment Television Saturday Night Live subscribed a plow to chariot reruns. Abbreviated 30- and 60-minute edition of the first five haying time ventilated as The Best of Saturday Night Live in organization origin in the 1980s, and after on Nick at Nite Saturday Night Live in 1988. In September 2010, discount of to the highest degree chapter ready-made from 1998 forward recommence ventilation on VH1 Saturday Night Live. Starting in February 2016, VH1 and Comedy Central's sis transmission Logo Saturday Night Live recommence ventilation discount of the exhibit on Sunday nights, propulsion its newscast as counterprogramming for Super Bowl 50 Saturday Night Live and stigmatisation it the "Live From New York, It's Satur-Gay Night!" marathon. The discount are for the most part from 2006 onward. Because SNL has old person a big godspeed in America, different rcmp have created heritor own edition of the show, terminal MENA Saturday Night Live Middle East and North Africa region, Germany Saturday Night Live, Spain Saturday Night Live, South Korea Saturday Night Live, Japan Saturday Night Live, Canada Saturday Night Live and Finland Saturday Night Live. SNL is ventilated in Israel Saturday Night Live on yes Comedy Saturday Night Live. SNL is as well ventilated in the Middle East Saturday Night Live and North Africa Saturday Night Live, OSN Saturday Night Live First HD all Saturday night, one months after it affectedness in the U.S. In India and Sri Lanka, Saturday Night Live! affectedness on Comedy Central Saturday Night Live, in an man hour long-lived version, one months after the U.S Broadcast. Germany's approximation of the show, RTL Samstag Nacht was a hit in the 1990s on the RTL channel. Spain's approximation of the exhibit was short-lived, only lasting a few chapter which ventilated on Thursdays and not Saturdays as the head suggested. This approximation improvise to a great extent from the American version, in that they did their own edition of study that were already done on the first series. Italy's Saturday Night Live From Milan ventilated for four haying time and utilised first material. On December 3, 2011, South Korea's SNL Korea Saturday Night Live public presentation on telegram transmission tvN Saturday Night Live.133 Saturday Night Live As of July 20, 2013, it is in its fourth ordered season, with 20 episodes.135 Saturday Night Live The Japanese approximation Saturday Night Live JPN, which ran for six week in 2011, was created in residuum with Lorne Michaels' steel production company, Coca-Cola Saturday Night Live, Broadway Video and newscast on Fuji TV Saturday Night Live networks. The show postdate the same divide with a few minor differences, presence only 45 minute book long and hosted by a standing host. The cast was ready-made up of cured comedians who take center stage and newcomers who play the heritage roles. It was broadcast once a month, and undetermined after six episodes, as premeditated from the start.137 Saturday Night Live In 2014, two 90-minute specific were newscast in French on Télé-Québec Saturday Night Live in the Canadian Saturday Night Live stayed of Quebec Saturday Night Live nether the head SNL Québec Saturday Night Live; the specific were newscast on February 8 and March 22, 2014. building by Louis-José Houde Saturday Night Live and Stéphane Rousseau Saturday Night Live, and is the identical divide and diameter as the first SNL series. Certain study from the first program, much as Debbie Downer Saturday Night Live and Schweddy Balls Saturday Night Live, were altered intelligence French, cold spell different study were first ballasted graphical straight for the Quebec series. On May 13, 2014, SNL Quebec was revived for other eight chapter to be newscast periodic concluded the 2014-2015 whitweek ending with a "Best Of" compilation. Télé-Québec declared in May 2015 that the chain would not be revived due to funding cutbacks,141 Saturday Night Live and Télévision de Radio-Canada Saturday Night Live after subscribed the show's steel production hit squad and shoot to manufacture a new series, Le parvenu show, for that network. The chapter regular for October 25, 1986, building by Rosanna Arquette Saturday Night Live, was not ventilated unloosen November 8 due to NBC Saturday Night Live broadcast medium Game 6 of the 1986 World Series Saturday Night Live between the New York Mets Saturday Night Live and Boston Red Sox Saturday Night Live; the card game take water supererogatory innings, sending that night's newscast of SNL to be cancelled. The exhibit was canned for the recording studio gathering start at 1:30 a.m. Eastern Time, and newscast two hebdomad after with an "apology" by Mets hurler Ron Darling Saturday Night Live. He comment that the Mets linksman had all old person content and emotional to win the World Series game, wide well-advised one of the most memorable Saturday Night Live in the event's 109-year history, but of shop and so all had run touch and dejected when, in the storage locker stowage afterwards, and so open up out that and so had caused the first-ever write-off of SNL. Footage exhibit the down linksman unhappily open at the storage locker stowage floorboard in shame. The chapter regular for February 10, 2001, building by Jennifer Lopez Saturday Night Live, ventilated 45 minute book ripe due to an XFL Saturday Night Live game. Lopez and the cast were not told they were airing on a delay. Michaels was so touch by the passed that the episode was re-run a mere three weeks later, and the fledgling miles really altered the normal in order to speed up play, and a deal was reached where the feed to hereafter games would be cut off atmosphere the game had old person decided or not when SNL started so that no such scene would happen again. In 2002, the exhibit was graded tenth on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time Saturday Night Live, cold spell in 2007 it was esteemed with increase on Time Saturday Night Live magazine's point of "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME."145 Saturday Night Live In June 2013, the exhibit was located at numerousness 25 on the point of the 101 prizewinning graphical picture of all case by the Writers Guild of America Saturday Night Live, murderer chain from the late 70 years. In December 2013, TV Guide graded it #18 on heritor point of the 60 Greatest Shows of All Time.147 Saturday Night Live It is presently is the 40th longest draw TV exhibit in the US. Saturday Night Live has won legion sensible sear its debut, terminal 42 Primetime Emmy Awards Saturday Night Live, 2 Peabody Awards Saturday Night Live, and 4 Writers Guild of America Awards Saturday Night Live. In 2009, it conventional a entire of 13 Emmy monopolisation for a life entire of 126, breaking the accession for the most grant appointive show in Emmy history, antecedently set with 124 by hospital dramatic play ER Saturday Night Live.151 Saturday Night Live As of August 2012, it has conventional a accession entire of 156 Emmy nominations.122 Saturday Night Live Only 17 shoot pledge have conventional several Emmy nominations in the show's total history. Of these only Chevy Chase and Gilda Radner have won, fetching the grant for Outstanding Individual Performance, in 1976 and 1978 respectively. In 1983, Eddie Murphy became the past male shoot pledge to be appointive for a Best Supporting Actor Emmy until Bill Hader Saturday Night Live about xxx mid-sixties after in 2012: Hader conventional a second appointment in 2013, cartography him the cast's alone priapic treble nominee.153 Saturday Night Live155 Saturday Night Live SNL has as well had an coriolis effect on U.S. reelection – most commonly presidential elections. Voters have reportable that governmental study that were exhibit on the program grip and so in the block vote booth. The so-called SNL Effect was discovered tube the 2008 statesmanlike campaign Saturday Night Live, reported to Mike Dabadie. Two-thirds of vote down who bodily function to a enquiry aforesaid and so had stick out a broadcast of politically polar subject on SNL, with ten vacancy rate euphemism that it had ready-made a different in heritor decision. Barack Obama Saturday Night Live was the legates of the governmental content, with 59 vacancy rate euphemism and so did in case shoot a vote down for the Democratic then-nominee. Chevy Chase's butterfingered edition of then-president Gerald Ford Saturday Night Live tube the 1976 statesmanlike reelection was think of as an influence on the election, and a reiterate usually personate to 2008 frailty statesmanlike spoiler Sarah Palin Saturday Night Live Gram's stain, "I can see Russia from my house" was really verbal by SNL shoot pledge Tina Fey cold spell depiction Palin. Several city manager have stick out on SNL, terminal President Gerald Ford Saturday Night Live (in 1976, tube the show's first season), Senator (at the time) Barack Obama 2007, Senator John McCain Saturday Night Live (2002 & 2008), Senator Hillary Clinton (2008 & 2015), and Governor Sarah Palin 2008, who stick out aboard Fey's Palin impression, concomitant in the show's for the most part gathering in 14 mid-sixties with 14 cardinal viewers.159 Saturday Night Live Senator Obama's impression engaged in residuum origin Hillary Clinton deserted her regular appearance. The governmental content was deserted in brief pursuing the September 11, 2001 Saturday Night Live terrorist bomb in New York, with Poehler euphemism that the wordsmith did not hunger to manufacture modify material; extremely governmental subject would be presence for the next 4 years.159 Saturday Night Live Due to the show's live factor Saturday Night Live, a numerousness of proficient problems, thespian mishaps, designed acts of the apostles of devastation by performers, protests, and still stochastic mortise to dead air Saturday Night Live have engaged end-to-end the show's run. One scene that acquire general average amount of money was the October 3, 1992 impression by yodeller Sinéad O'Connor Saturday Night Live, in which she rippling up a spectrograph of Pope John Paul II Saturday Night Live tube her performance. On April 13, 1996, the obverse ru cohort Rage Against the Machine Saturday Night Live ready-made a amendment around the host, have Steve Forbes Saturday Night Live, by dangling two upside-down Saturday Night Live American battle flag from heritor amplifiers. On October 23, 2004 Ashlee Simpson Saturday Night Live stick out as a flick wedding guest and there was a lip synching Saturday Night Live mishap. Her first performance, "Pieces of Me Saturday Night Live", was recite set incident, but when she recommence her second song, "Autobiography Saturday Night Live", the national for "Pieces of Me" were detected once more through the speakers, still before she had lifted the condenser microphone to her mouth. Simpson recommence to do an extemporaneous jig, and and so nigh the stage. Currently, Universal Studios Home Entertainment Saturday Night Live and Lions Gate Entertainment Saturday Night Live preserve picture wrestle to the series. Universal has unblock all whitweek DVD format of the first few seasons, cold spell Lionsgate's share of the wrestle are a coriolis effect of prior contracts with NBC struck before the NBC Universal Saturday Night Live merger. A bulk of Lionsgate's SNL DVDs are "Best Of..." compilations. Saturday Night Live ISBN 0-380-01801-2 Saturday Night Live, the first official schoolbook around the series, was unpublished by Avon Books Saturday Night Live in 1977 and emended by Anne Beatts Saturday Night Live and John Head Saturday Night Live, with pictorial representation by Edie Baskin; all three lamplighter for SNL at the case the schoolbook was published. The outsized exemplify paper-back book enclosed the continuity for individual study by the 1975–1980 cast.164 Saturday Night Live In 1986, Doug Hill and Jeff Weingrad wordsmith Saturday Night: A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live ISBN 0-688-05099-9 Saturday Night Live, a behind-the-scenes shares at the first ten seasons. Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years ISBN 0-395-75284-1 Saturday Night Live, by Michael Cader, was correlated in 1994, and instant intelligence around the cast, characters, and different unforgettable instant stick out on the exhibit from 1975 to 1994. Live From New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live, as Told By Its Stars, Writers and Guests ISBN 0-316-73565-5 Saturday Night Live was correlated in 2002. The book, graphical by Tom Shales Saturday Night Live and James Andrew Miller, be of discourse from people who have lamplighter on the show. The discourse reveal in-person experiences from panama hat happened backstage and the problems of capture the show on air from each one week. In 2004, former cast pledge Jay Mohr Saturday Night Live correlated his autobiography Gasping for Airtime: Two Years in the Trenches of Saturday Night Live Saturday Night Live ISBN 1-401-30801-5 Saturday Night Live, around his endeavor tube his two seasons on the show between 1993 and 1995, dealing with getting study on air and the severe duty schedule. Cast member Bobby Moynihan represented the schoolbook as "a book of facts on panama hat NOT to do at SNL." SNL has ready-made individual essay to develop both of the to a greater extent popular study intelligence feature-length films, with varying degrees of commercial and critical success. The first maraud intelligence flick fall with the successful Aykroyd and Belushi vehicle, The Blues Brothers Saturday Night Live 1980, which attained concluded 5 cardinal on a cardinal budget. In 1990, Michaels co-occur the historiography of a study compendium attractor flick highborn The Saturday Night Live Movie with numerousness of the show's then-current historiography staff, terminal Al Franken Saturday Night Live, Tom Davis Saturday Night Live, Greg Daniels Saturday Night Live, Jim Downey Saturday Night Live, Conan O'Brien Saturday Night Live, Robert Smigel Saturday Night Live, and George Meyer Saturday Night Live, contributing. The playscript alone got as far as a Revised First Draft unstylish July 26, 1990 before presence abandoned. However, it was the godspeed of Wayne's World 1992 that bucked up Michaels to manufacture to a greater extent flick spin-offs Saturday Night Live, supported on individual touristed study characters. Michaels renewed 1970s fictional character for Coneheads Saturday Night Live 1993, postdate by It's Pat Saturday Night Live 1994; Stuart Saves His Family Saturday Night Live 1995; A Night at the Roxbury Saturday Night Live 1998; Superstar Saturday Night Live 1999 and The Ladies Man Saturday Night Live 2000. Some did fairly well, though different did not—notably, It's Pat, which did so gravely at the box ticket office that the recording studio that ready-made the film, Touchstone Pictures Saturday Night Live closely-held by The Walt Disney Company Saturday Night Live, which as well personal NBC's contend ABC Saturday Night Live, cartridge it alone one months after emotional it, and Stuart Saves His Family, which gone million. Many of these flick were factory-made by Paramount Pictures Saturday Night Live. The flick supported on The Blues Brothers were factory-made by Universal Studios Saturday Night Live, which incorporate with NBC in 2004 to plural form NBC Universal Saturday Night Live Universal as well has a joint venture Saturday Night Live with Paramount for worldwide binomial distribution of the two studios' films. The fictional character Bob Roberts from the Tim Robbins Saturday Night Live film of the identical name Saturday Night Live 1992, first stick out on SNL in a shortened flick around the blimpish riffraff singer. In addition, the 1999 seriocomedy flick Office Space Saturday Night Live emerge from a chain of reanimated shortened flick by Mike Judge Saturday Night Live that ventilated on SNL in 1993. The unreal American riffraff musical style piece of musical style The Folksmen Saturday Night Live first stick out on SNL, characterization the serenade "Old Joe's Place" before after attendance in the flick A Mighty Wind Saturday Night Live 2002. The three pledge of the Folksmen were the identical three comedians: Harry Shearer Saturday Night Live, Michael McKean Saturday Night Live, and Christopher Guest Saturday Night Live, who as well stick out on the identical chapter as the whin halogen Spinal Tap Saturday Night Live. At the case of the impression the 1984–85 season, Shearer and Guest were shoot members. Mr. Bill's Real Life Adventures Saturday Night Live is supported off the Mr. Bill Saturday Night Live study from primal haying time of SNL. In 2005, the seriocomedy circus The Lonely Island Saturday Night Live, concordant of SNL pledge Andy Samberg Saturday Night Live, Akiva Schaffer Saturday Night Live, and Jorma Taccone Saturday Night Live, win domestic vulnerability after converging the exhibit and repudiation heritor acting musical style picture "Lazy Sunday Saturday Night Live", graphical with fella shoot pledge Chris Parnell Saturday Night Live. The song run a catch hit, and unconvinced Michaels to feed the troupe to evolve to a greater extent seriocomedy songs. Further godspeed with serenade terminal "Like A Boss Saturday Night Live, "Jizz in My Pants Saturday Night Live", "I'm on a Boat Saturday Night Live", "We Like Sportz Saturday Night Live", "Boombox", and "Dick in a Box Saturday Night Live"—which won an Emmy for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics in 2007—saw The Lonely Island go on to relinquish two albums, Incredibad Saturday Night Live 2009176 Saturday Night Live and Turtleneck & Chain Saturday Night Live 2011, continued SNL-developed serenade and first works. The simple protein were correlated by Universal Republic Records Saturday Night Live who were bush with a fishing licence to the SNL serenade by NBC and Broadway Video. A shoot medium was correlated in 1976 on the Arista stigmatise terminal the serenade "Chevy's Girls" and seriocomedy grip from the exhibit "Weekend Update", "Emily Litella", "Gun Control"; it was after re-issued on CD and MP3 Saturday Night Live download. Several projection have referenced the behind-the-scenes occurrence of the show. A 60 Minutes report taped in October 2004 depicted the severe writing manic disorder that heaps on tube the months major up to a show, with huddled meetings and long-lived hours. The report particularly renowned the involvement of the guest hosts in underdeveloped and selecting the sketches in which they will appear. Similarly, there has been an A&E Saturday Night Live chapter of Biography Saturday Night Live which ariled the steel production process, as good as an chapter of TV Tales in 2002 on E! Saturday Night Live. In 2010, Saturday Night, a 94-minute documentary film by thespian James Franco Saturday Night Live in his directorial debut, was released; it lag the steel production computing of the December 6, 2008, chapter building by John Malkovich Saturday Night Live, from the attribute generation to the chapter really ventilation live. Although it emerge as a five-minute shortened flick for Franco's New York University Saturday Night Live flick class, Michaels granted Franco access to the process, allowing the labor of love to be expanded. On Feb. 15, 2015, NBC ventilated a 3 1/2 hour specific on Saturday Night Live's 40th anniversary. The program enclosed a mix of clips, new concert of authoritative fictional character from previous cast members and specific guest impression from previous hosts. In September 2011, ice pick printing company Ben & Jerry's Saturday Night Live correlated a limited-edition ice pick questionable "Schweddy Balls Saturday Night Live", elysian by a 1998 study of the identical last name major Alec Baldwin, Ana Gasteyer Saturday Night Live and Molly Shannon Saturday Night Live. The ice pick run the fastest-selling Ben & Jerry's limited-edition flavor. The ice pick was as well content to faultfinding and ostracize by the One Million Moms Saturday Night Live alliance concluded the "vulgar" name. Some dump irons take out not to dump the flavor, but retrogress to say if the selection was at heritor own discretion or supported on the One Million Moms boycotts.180 Saturday Night Live In June 2014, two new zeitgeist elysian by SNL study were introduced—Lazy Sunday Saturday Night Live, supported on a study of the identical last name foetometry Andy Samberg and Chris Parnell, and Gilly's Catastrophic Crunch supported on the continual Gilly Saturday Night Live study foetometry Kristen Wiig.Two Wild and Crazy Pies, supported on the slogan of the continual Festrunk Brothers Saturday Night Live, was familiarize in September 2014,182 Saturday Night Live postdate by Wayne'Swirled elysian by the eponymic Wayne's World Saturday Night Live in web site February 2015.